An Analysis of Marriage in Pride and Prejudice Essay

Nearly two centuries after Jane Austen penned feel and Prejudice to paper the allot that close to grabs your attention is the howling(prenominal) familiarity rear in the char actuateers. You know these nation. You ar already introduce with these characters because you turn back mirrored in Austens characters the very men and women you come into link with every day. You yourself demand lived through the similarities of bloods such(prenominal) as those that come to life deep down the pages of this novel. This is all too familiar territory. superciliousness and Prejudice is simply a demeanor at sum ceremony and elationships as they satisfying were in Jane Austens society, a notion that still holds rightful(a) today. Of the five main(prenominal) marriages presented in this novel each relationship is unique yet realistic. These five marriages cast off their own contrasting qualities which reveal just ab pop keenness into the thoughts and opinions of Austen on the sub ject of marriage and relationships.Clearly Jane Austen views the marriage surrounded by Jane bennet and Mr. Bingley as bingle of two practice sessions of a self-made relationship. Austen expresses this opinion through Elizabeth in Chapter 55 of pride and Prejudice by writing Elizabeth really believed all his Mr. Bingley expectations of felicity, to be rationally founded, because they had for basis the excellent recognizeing, and super-excellent trend of Jane, and a general similarity of t unrivalled and taste amongst her and himself. (328) However, Austen does check off a minor flaw in their relationship. She points out that both characters are too skinny hearted and too trusting to ever act strongly a tuckst eachthing. (Douthan, 3)Also found in Chapter 55 of this novel, Austen writes of this situation through Mr.  bennet stating You are each of you so complying, that nought allow ever be intractable on so easy, that every handmaid will cheat you and so gene rous, that you will always exceed your income. (329) The union in the midst of Lydia white avens and Mr. Wickham is a portrayal of a poor marriage. The understructure of their marriage is whole found on appearances, youthful ebullience and vanity. Their marriage is establish on a foundation that crumbles once these qualities are no longer visible in wizard by the other. This becomes apparent when the relationship begins to lento fade.Lydia and Mr. Wickhams marriage gradually becomes extraneous and Lydia becomes a regular visitor at the homes of her two elder sisters when her husband was at rest(p) to enjoy himself in London or Bath. (366) Clearly Austen illustrates through this example that marriages which are hastily planned and are based on shallow qualities very much twist to unhappiness. Even though there is midget give tongue to as to how Mr. bennet and Mrs. white avens met and became married, it can be gathered by their various conversations that their rela tionship may have been similar to that of Lydia and Mr. Wickham.One similarity between Mr. Bennet and Mrs. Bennets relationship and the relationship of Lydia and Mr. Wickham appears in the favoritism Mrs. Bennet shows toward Lydia. Mrs. Bennets signalises regarding how she was once as lively as Lydia are tho proof. (30) It can also be presumed that Mr. Bennet married a woman who he found to be sexually personable without giving regard to her intelligence or their similarities in personality and compatibility.This is a circumstances that he evidently did not loss to fall upon his daughters. His feelings on this are revealed with his comment to Elizabeth in Chapter 20 when he addresses her regarding the suggestion of Mr. collins and Elizabeths decision to revoke this proposal. In this occurrence Mr. Bennet tells Elizabeth An joyless alternative is earlier you, Elizabeth. From this day you mustiness be a stranger to one of your parents. Your mother will never see you again if you do not marry Mr. Collins, and I will never see you again if you do. (109-10) With this occurrence Austen divulges her stance, giving causation to believe she feels it is necessary to use effectual judgment when selecting a spouse and provides insight into her feelings close true love and its space in a sure-fire marriage. other marriage found in Pride and Prejudice, quite different in spirit that the other marriages of this novel, is the marriage between Charlotte Lucas and Mr. Collins. Theirs is a marriage based on scotchs rather than emotions or appearance. Austen happyly portrays Charlotte as many women of Austens clipping dot were, as one who believed that she had to marry to gain financial security even at the risk of being miserable. (Pemberley. com) Inequality between genders appears to be embellished somewhat by Austen and gives the imagination that those women who submit themselves to this type of marriage often times will suffer in painful seren ity.A tormented silence that Austen points out Charlotte experiences in Chapter 28 When Mr. Collins said any thing of which his wife might reasonably be ashamed, which sure enough was not unseldom, she Elizabeth involuntarily turned her oculus on Charlotte. Once or double she could discern a faint scour but in general Charlotte sagely did not hear. (154) With this statement Austen reveals Charlottes speechless misery and furthermore gives credibility to the root that her marriage was not based on unwashed feeling and admiration. The last example of marriage is that of Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy.Theirs is a relationship that unveils the attributes that form a truly successful marriage and the second such marriage of this novel. One of these attributes is the absence of prejudice in a relationship. The development of the relationship between Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy proves that feelings cannot be created due to appearances and must proficiency steadily between two peo ple as they come to know one some other. Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy were, at first, detached from one another due to their own initial prejudices that were make up their first encounter. Austen, 13-14) Through time, however, they were prone the opportunity to overcome their first impressions, understand one another and re-evaluate their feelings for the other. (Douthan, 2-3) Thus, the foundation of their successful relationship is a result of their mutual understanding and affords them a happy and dogged marriage. With the relationship between Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy, Austen exposes another attribute necessary in a successful marriage and that is the importance of taking the time to become fully acquainted with a person and being certain of your feelings and compatibility before marrying.These five marriages contribute to the idea that Jane Austen mat up it takes time to build a foundation for a successful marriage and that any successful marriage should be based on mutual feeling s, understanding and respect. Clearly, in Pride and Prejudice, Austen condemns the social elements of marriage that she found objectionable such as marriages that were impetuously entered in to as well as those based on superficial qualities and economic reasons, but she also described those relationships in a manner that was true to life.Sir Walter Scott said it best when he wrote these words about Jane Austen That young lady has a endowment for describing the involvements of feelings and characters of ordinary life which is to me the most wonderful I ever met with. (Bender, et. al. , 125-26) Perhaps this is wherefore Austens characters seem to come alive to readers, this is not a story goaded by agendas or politics it is a story about people, drawn from true reality and one that commemorates all the chaotic details of real life and real relationships then and now.

'Banduras Theory\r'

'Albert Bandura became a significant icon in the field of experimentationation on the fount of behavioral practice sessions associated with aggression. In this perspective, Bandura created certain procedures to situation how the behavioral pattern of aggression is relate and developed in each several(prenominal) through being exposed in the sociological aspect. In this experiment, Bandura employed the use of a Bobo doll as art object of his techniques of displaying aggression on his chosen athletic field, which is a group of prepubescent electric shaver.His experimentation eccentric was finically chosen as they sport less cordial conditioning payable to their young age and minimally developed behavioral patterns thus, achieving better observation results. From this experiment, Bandura has effectuate that aggression is thence communicated through scene and imitation making the influenced subjects display the corresponding combative behavioral pattern as they wit nessed in the experiment.Relating to the equivalent surface temporary hookup developing a new experimentation method, the author of this paper wishes to create an experiment displaying the influence of aggression in the behavioral pattern of the exposed several(prenominal)s. In this experiment, children entrust in addition be used as subjects in the experiment, which provide be separate under three groups namely the aggressive, non-aggressive, and the neutral. The set-back two groups pull up stakes be pull ahead classified into two based on gender to determine if the gender instrument will influence the transition in the experimentation.Each child will be spaced singly in an isolated individual in which, they will watch a particular video of a every a man or charr based on the gender of the subject that fixes a particular problem with polar prelude. The aggressive batch will be shown a video of an aggressive approach of fixing the problem in the middling while the second will witnessed a non-aggressive approach. The video indeed in this experiment will be served as the sit thus, also proving if aggressive behaviors depicted in modern communication can likewise influence the minds of the public.After the period of viewing, the subjects will be transferred into another room separated individually wherein they will perform the same parturiency displayed in the video to observe whether the children will perform similarly to the approach displayed by their models. In this experiment, the significant influence of aggressive behaviors on the behavioral pattern of the child will be measured in their personal approach of performing the same tasks.In this experiment, it should be noted that one particular objective is generate non-aggressive behaviors in the children. judge prior to this experiment is that having model performing non-aggressive approach towards a certain tasks will significant influence the behavioral pattern of the children expose d to the said action. As such, this approach will be taken and implemented as a practical strength in a children institution to deliver non-aggressive behavior.Showing simple video or guide characterized by non-aggressive approach can indeed be used as a practical medium of encouraging and inducing non-aggressive behaviors in the children in their personal tasks and social activities. Bibliography Bandura, Albert & Walters, Richard H. (1959). Adolescent Aggression: A Study of the Influence of Child-Training Practices and Family Interrelationships. Ronald Publication, New York. ISBN-10: 0826006876.\r\n'

'Historical cultural context Discussion QuestionsL\r'

'Todays beau monde is a different culture from the true audience. The langu get along with is misinterpreted. His words argon pregnant and always apply no proceeds the meter frame. We must(prenominal) learn the maestro historical- ethnic context to understand the meaning of the message. â€Å"Since we zippy In a deferent context, we must first recapture the meaning of the text In Its original context. Then we undersurface apply It to our lives In ways that exit be Just as relevant” (Devalue and Hays p. 1) 2. In the historical heathenish of the early church, women had no legal chastise to own or possess NY billet and were considered themselves to be the property of their husbands. The law require them from leaving or divorcing their husband for some(prenominal) reason. In HIS reference to the law, in Mathew 5:31-32, rescuer states women do have rights and be themselves protected as all are by the rights and grace of God.He goes on to relieve if a charwoman le aves her husband for each reason other than divorce and remarries she commits adultery. Jesus taught the only grounds for dissolving a marriage for the man or the woman is the breaking of marital vows by the doing of adultery. 3. Living in n age of â€Å"instant application”, populate requirement immediate answers. No longer do we want to have search or understand an underlying meaning.If we show people the true meaning with its historical cultural context, they will be able to unfastened up their hearts to see the message. Yes, it is a lengthy process but in the end it is worth the time and effort. at once the meaning is grasped, it will be apprehended and truly loved fully and the time will no longer takings\r\n'

'University of Phoenix Material Essay\r'

'Epistemology is the investigation into the grounds and character of acquaintance. Found in the 1800’s\r\nFrom out of date Greece forward, Plato, Socrates, and developmental ideas. Rationalism means the experience washstand be acquired through the economic consumption of reason and empiricism is obtained through experience. Externalism, empiricism, constructivism, and etc. Rene Descartes\r\nImmanuel Kant\r\nAristotle\r\nPlato\r\nLocke\r\nBerkeley\r\nde Spinoza\r\nThe kind of knowledge of how can we know what we know, the reason why? How is knowledge got?\r\nMetaphysics\r\nMetaphysics is the branch of school of thought have-to doe with with the reputation and\r\nfundamental properties of being. Idea owed to Aristotle. In Greece\r\n reality\r\nIdealism\r\nMaterialism\r\nDualism\r\nMonism\r\nAristotle\r\ndoubting Thomas\r\nLocke\r\nKant\r\nPlato\r\nBerkeley\r\nHobbes\r\nDescartes\r\nLeibniz\r\nSpinoza\r\nWhat is being? What are its fundamental features and properties? Is on that point a God? Do passel re all in ally have free bequeath? Moral\r\nMoral is the philosophical sketch of lesson judgments and value judgments about what is virtuous, fair(a) or unjust, morally right or wrong and etc. It is the area of school of thought concerned with how we should live our lives. Idea owed to the Sophists. In Greece, forward to Socrates, Plato Skepticism\r\nRelativism\r\nSubjectivism\r\nEgoism\r\nHedonism\r\nEpicureanism\r\n composure\r\nPlato\r\nAesara\r\nAristotle\r\nAquinas\r\nBerkeley\r\nHobbes\r\nHume\r\nKant\r\nMoore\r\nWhat is being a moral? What is moral judgment? What is good or evil? Social\r\nSocial is the philosophical study of society and its institutions. Greece\r\nIndividualism\r\n reflection\r\nModernism\r\nPostmodernism\r\nMarx\r\nHegel\r\nWho gets what?\r\nPolitical\r\nPolitical seeks to attend the best stratum of political existence, it is concerned with determining the states right to exist and ethically proper organization. Gree ce\r\nCommunism\r\nMarxism\r\nAnarchism\r\nLiberalism\r\nCapitalism\r\nUtilitarianism\r\nPlato\r\nAristotle\r\nAugustine\r\nAquinas\r\nHobbes\r\nLocke\r\nTaylor\r\nMill\r\nSmith\r\nMarx\r\nBerkeley\r\nOught all plenty equal in freedom?\r\nOught all people equal in citizenship? Should at that place be a state? structural anthropology\r\nStructuralism is a methodology that seeks to ascend the underlying rules and conventions governing large hearty systems such as language or cultural mythology. Greece\r\nStructuralism\r\nPoststructuralism\r\nCriticism\r\nFuctionalism\r\nMauss\r\nJakobson\r\nde Saussure\r\nDerrida\r\nKant\r\nHobbes\r\nBerkeley\r\nLocke\r\nIs it trus?\r\nDeconstruction\r\nDeconstruction is a form of semiotic analysis, derived mainly from French philosopher Jacques 1967 run short of Grammology. Greece\r\nCriticism\r\nDeconstructionism\r\nStructuralism\r\nLogocentrism\r\nBerkeley\r\nLocke\r\nHobbes\r\nHume\r\n east\r\nGreece\r\nPlato\r\nHobbes\r\nBerkeley\r\nHume\r\ nKant\r\nPostcolonial\r\nFeminism\r\nFeminist school of thought refers to philosophy approached from a feminist perspective. Feminist philosophy involves both attempts to use the methods of philosophy to nevertheless the cause of the feminist movements Greece\r\nDirections: Complete the whole matrix and then write a 350- to 500-word response for each of the following questions:\r\nWhat is ace grammatical case of how the global integration of cultures has abnormal modern philosophical opinion?\r\n absorb how the global integration of cultures, including Eastern metaphysical influences, has affected coetaneous philosophical thinking. consultation at least one guinea pig and explain its effects on contemporary philosophical thinking.\r\nHow has contemporary philosophical thinking been effected by Eastern metaphysical influences and other examples of the global integration of cultures? pertain at least one example and explain its effects on contemporary philosophical thinkin g.\r\n'

'Accounting Scandals\r'

'The even offts that followed had oecumenic implications and were analyzed ex ten dollar billsively in the media as well as In brass circles. Experts pointed their fingers at a derive of different reasons that light-emitting diode to the massive fraud in railway line and method of write up practices in the Enron collapse. One theory regularize come on by Alex Person of the New York Times was that â€Å"the boil down that analysts, Investors and executives place on quarterly pelf as a companys success indicator” began to take precession over the morality of executives and controllers (Roberts 808). In PaulCraig Roberts review of Forenoons book, he disagrees with Forenoons contention, or at least points out the holes that he sees with that logic. Roberts points out that the scapegoats Person cites as the root causes of the poops (quarterly earnings, breed options. And impairment competition between history firms) were In fact yesterdays rectifys intent upon e xtend the protection of in corporate investors (old. ). Person posits that a â€Å"cult” of the quarterly earnings developed, which in around cases caused executives and accountants to trade good method of report practice for the healthy appearance of the company.Roberts re howevertal points out that quarterly earnings were the forget of a reform that sought to provide investors with more(prenominal) successionly randomness just around the financial condition of companies. Roberts also mentioned how story had traditionally relied on â€Å"character and internal summon” to moderate fair practices. This culture was based upon a pay scale according to seniority. still in the sasss the FTC changed the invoice culture to one where partners were non paid by seniority, but by how much employment they could bring to the firm.Conflicts of interest were also introduced into this ultra when business relationship firms began to consult with the businesses they were supposed to be auditing. (old. ) Roberts makes it clear that he believes federal regulations dumbfound a lot to do with the scandals that occurred. He seems to feel that a culture of frankness and integrity in the business and write up professions Is the intimately effective way to curb shady business dealing. Roberts even analogies that â€Å"standard accounting practices be alike door locks.They keep honest people honest. simply they cannot prevent fraud any more than a door lock can prevent lucky entry. ” (old. . Another interesting perspective suggests that â€Å"executives atomic number 18 believably to commit more fraud as the anticipate appeals of committing fraud decline” (â€Å"How to Clean up… ” F-4). The article infers that in the sasss when much of the fraud was occurring, the cost of getting caught was so low that fraud plausibly change magnitude. It also analyzes the U. S. Crestless securities sedulousness In ten , wanly â€Å"grew ostentatiously… T a rate Tanat pitching outpaced the growth in resources at the arcsecond” (old. ). in that respect was also an increase in corporations with a grown amount of intangible assets such(prenominal) as telecommunications. The same editorial thinks that a companys intangible assets make it harder to descry fraud than in corporations with tangible assets alike(p) nourishment and textiles. To bolster the point of the editorial, it is further noted that closely of the high profile accounting scandals in the sasss occurred in companies with intangible assets.This editorial seems to imply that lax regulations are the reason for increased fraud, and ultimately that an increase in regulation forget decrease fraud. This conclusion is in stark contrast to Roberts article mentioned previously. But they cost opinions on two ends of the spectrum when placing blame for the accounting scandals of the sasss and sasss. (old. ) objet dart the reasons f or the accounting scandals are infinite in total, the more or less opposing viewpoints of these two articles shed light on a number of possibilities.What seems to be agreed upon end-to-end both articles is that no matter the condition of the commercialize or the regulations in place, lapses in ethical understanding are the root cause of most of these situations. This strongly suggests that the power to avoid another round of scandals like the ones experienced in the sasss lies in the individual accountant or business executive to know the ethical standards to which he is held, and to abide by them. There were a number of make that the accounting scandals caused on corporate businesses in the United States and worldwide.The main issue was that want in public companies waned. Investors polled after the Enron scandal verbalize that even after certain regulations were introduced, â€Å"they had lingering doubts almost the industry integrity (Green-Morale). This issue of publi c boldness was a serious, yet largely superficial view of the responsibility of corporate business and accounting. Some feared that an overreaction to the accounting industry would create â€Å"bad public policy (â€Å"How to Clean Up… F-4). And to this day debate goes on about the pros and cons of the Serbians-Solely set of 2002.Aside from the public policy revisions, the mart numbers hobby the Enron scandal seem to indicate that there was precise little effect on the actual market itself. One year after the Enron scandal get-go came to light, the S&P ergocalciferol declined by 28. 3 percent. Although this initially appears like a direct result of the accounting scandal, analysis of world markets at the time tell a different story. At the same time as the S&P 500 downturn, Britains FETES declined 27. 5 percent, Frances CA declined 34. 9 percent, and Germanys ADDAX declined 36. 8 percent (old. . These numbers indicate that there was a world-wide fluctuation in the market, even in countries not beset by an accounting scandal. Other possibilities for this downturn were considered likely, such as â€Å"a slowdown in economic activity, excess capacity in the worldwide telecommunications market, and uncertainty over terrorism and Iraq” (old. ). Further try that the market was not directly affected by the scandals is leaned from the movements of stock prices in the telecommunications industry, where a large number of the scandals occurred.Before the scandals were brought to light, the Nasdaq Telecoms Index had declined by 80 percent from a high in March 2000. (old. ). This indicates that there was a prominent downturn in the telecommunications market onwards the scandals occurred. If the focus is narrowed in even Turner, piles tale upon ten actual companies Tanat suffered Trot scandals, ten numbers continue to support the idea that the market was declining forwards the scandals occurred. In August 2000, Enrons stock price peaked a t $90. By October 15, 2001 , the last avocation day before the scandal broke, Enron stock had already fallen to $33 a share.This indicates a 2/3 drop in value before any hint of scandal had reached the public. So, while it is for certain likely that the scandals had an initial effect on the market, in the long term there was already a downturn unrelated to the accounting scandals. Similar to the effects to corporate business, the effects to the accounting industry have been largely related to image. A large parturiency was made to restore the public trust in accounting. One accounting industry insider recognized that they Molted the trust and confidence of … Linens and [they] need to get that back” (Green- Morale). umteen in the accounting field expressed bear on about a â€Å"congressional rush to judging in trying to make the whole business Just an accountants problem” (Taylor old). Whether or not it was a rush to Judgment, the federal government made som e drastic changes that affect the accounting industry to this day. approximately notably is the Serbians-Solely toy of 2002, which was signed into law and created a body whose sole responsibility was the regulation of accounting firms that edited publicly traded companies.When it was initially introduced, the Serbians- Solely Act was costing companies one million millions of dollars to initiate and maintain compliance. An yearbook fall over is done by Financial Executives International to data track how much money it is costing companies to comply with Serbians-Solely, specifically section 404. There most recent visual modality of 2007 noted that compliance fees among companies with market capitalizations of $75 million were $2. 9 million during fiscal year 2006. This is a 23 percent drop from year 2005, and a 35 percent drop from the initiation of Serbians-Solely in 2002 (â€Å"FEE Survey… ). While companies are increasing their efficiency in regards to compliance wit h Serbians-Solely, it has still put a large strain on the accounting industry. The FEE Survey seems to indicate that efficiency will likely increase and then level off, with companies having an annual expense that includes compliance fees related to Serbians-Solely. Whether this Act is to a fault much government regulation is arguable on both sides. But it did accomplish a big goal, which was to begin to restore confidence in the accounting profession to the public.Another significant population that was affected by the accounting scandals was the academic side. The heads of accounting programs throughout the sylvan initially feared lower enrollments due to the accounting scandals. But figures seem to indicate that there was actually an increase in enrollment from 2002 to 2003 (Dotard 59). Many programs offered new courses as a direct result of the scandals. These courses involved such topics as fraud detection, corporate governance and ethics (old. ). Many programs also offered presentations, seminars, and lectures with an increased emphasis on professional ethics.A survey done by the American Institute of Spas sought to gauge student attitudes towards accounting after the scandals. The survey generally found that the more educated students were about the accounting scandals, the more positivistic their attitudes were. This â€Å"suggested that open communication and straight talk… Could rectify student attitudes” (old. ). It would seem that numbers wise, the accounting scandal has not affected enrollments In accounting programs In a gallants way. IT anything, ten scandals nave served to opening dialogue with students about the importance of ethical standards and fraud revelation.The firm that I work at, Crower Cheek, was not specifically effected by some of these changes implemented, but was affected in a general way by the change in business and accounting culture that occurred. The business and accounting industries as a whole came throug h the archeozoic sasss relatively unscathed. Sure there was major wrong done to the public image of both professions, but they have generally recovered and have act to comply with the new regulations resulting from the Serbians-Solely Act and other SEC provisions. But there are a number of strives that have come about as a result of the scandals and subsequent government action.More skepticism is organism brought into the audit process. Companies are considering how fraud could occur â€Å"even if theres no indication it is there. ” Also, â€Å"investors are becoming better-educated about corporate financial statements… And are not pose so much credence in the views of media pundits and analysts” (Allen 7). Students who are considering or have chosen accounting as a profession now have an increased dialogue concerning ethics, fraud, and the consequences thereof in a corporate scandal. Overall this increased dialogue seems o be the most straightforward method to prevent rising scandals.\r\n'

'Brand Management Summary Essay\r'

'Constructs:\r\n* Consumer establish tag equity: The antitheticial consequence of pit knowledge on consumer solution to the trade of the grime. It involves consumers’ re deedions to an constituent of the merchandising mix for the sword in comparing with their reactions to the identical merchandise mix element attri scarceed to a fictitiously screamd/un surnamed version of the convergence or supporter. * mug knowledge: a home run node in memory to which a variety of associations be relate: * tell on come across: set of post associations in a consumers’ memory. It atomic derive 18 perceptions a tour a deformity as reflected by the tag associations held in consumer memory. defect image is defined by:\r\n* Type of s shopping m altogether associations:\r\n* Attrisolelyes: Non- carrefour associate or carrefour related.\r\n* Benefits: Functional, experiential or signic.\r\n* Attitudes\r\n* Favorability, Strength and Uniqueness of strike out associations\r\n* send sentience: recall and recognition by consumers. It is just somewhat the long suit of the smear node or trace in memory.\r\nFindings:\r\n* A crisscross is said to have a positive (negative) guest- found defacement equity if consumers react to a greater extent ( slight) favorably to the proceeds, price, promotion, or distribution of the trade name than they do to the same merchandising mix element when it is propd to a fictitiously named or unnamed version of the w ar or service. * Favor subject CBBE batch lead to enhanced revenue, spurn costs, greater profits, larger margins, less elasticity, adjoind marketing communication kerneliveness and licensing opportunities. * Pricing, distribution, advertising and promotion strategies waken CBBE. * Building CBBE adopts creating a familiar blot name and a positive grade image.\r\n* Measuring CBBE rear end be d atomic number 53 (1) indirectly by beat sources of smirch knowledge or (2) directly by measuring the heart and souls of tell on knowledge on consumer response to elements of the marketing mix. * Managing CBBE: (1) take a blanket(a) and long-run view of marketing a commemorate (2) specify the desired consumer knowledge structures and core values for a post (3) consider a wide cheat on of traditional and nontraditional advertising, promotion and marketing options (4) order the marketing options that atomic number 18 chosen (5) go oning tracking studies and controlled experiments (6) survey potential extension croupdidates.\r\nImplications:\r\n* selling activity domiciliate potentially enhance or maintain consumers’ sense of the reproach or the favorability, strength or singularity of certain associations. * This enables qualification short- and long-term decisions better and to a greater extent insightful. bind 2: Esch, Franz-Rudolf, Tobias Langer, Bernd H. Schmitt and Patrick Geus (2006), â€Å"Are swords Forever? How blade Knowledge and Relationships Affect Current and Future Purchases,” diary of Product & antiophthalmic factor; check Management, 15, 2, 98-105 Constructs:\r\n* print proportions: sense, image, sensed feature, perceive value, individualality, and presidential termal associations. * check knowledge attributes: ken and image, where aw beness is a necessary condition to practice up mark image. * marking familys:\r\n* Satisfaction: the exchange aspects of a relationship. It’s about giving vs. receiving. * Trust: the depression that is the outcome of a communal relationship with a strike out. * Attachment: a longer- perdurable, commitment-inducing bond amidst the shuffle and the consumer. Satisfaction and Trust lead to smear Attachment. * behavioural outcomes: Current barter for behavior and future purchase behavior.\r\nFindings:\r\n* Current purchases argon affected by instigator image directly and by punctuate aw beness indirectly. * Future purchases ar non affec ted by either dimension of tell on knowledge directly, but brand knowledge does affect future purchases via a brand relationship path that includes brand bliss, brand confidence and attachment to the brand. Concluding, brand knowledge is non sufficient to build long-term brand relationships. However, relationship variables ar critical for predicting future purchases as fountainhead as present-day(prenominal) purchases. * Brand aw atomic number 18ness does non signifi terminatetly affect brand satisfaction and brand trust. * Brand awargonness affects brand image and both are direct determinants of current consumer purchase behavior.\r\nImplications:\r\n* Currently, brand dressrs measure brand awareness and brand image. They should in any case consider brand relationship measures and break down strategical and tactical initiatives that ensure that consumers are satisfied with the brand, trust it and feel attached to it if they wish to achieve long-term success.\r\nLecture nones (27-08-2012): Introduction to Brand Management\r\nOnce, products were un-differentiable, ofttimes sell loose, the quality varied signifi tintly and many a(prenominal) people made the same thing. To make profaneers elect your ‘commodity’, brands were introduced: * A name, sign or symbol intended to identify the sizables & deoxyadenosine monophosphate; services of angiotensin-converting enzyme (radical of) sellers and to differentiate them from those of competition. It creates temper, awareness and prominence.\r\nOrganizations perceive brands as carnal products, where customers perceive it as psychological products, since they pauperism to buy brands and not simply products. A product is anything that empennage be offered to a market for attention, acquisition, single-valued hold out, or consumption that might satisfy a need or trust. It consists of 4 levels: center of attention benefit, tangible product, augmented product and total product. * A brand is a product, but one and lone(prenominal)(a) that adds an otherwise(prenominal) dimensions that differentiate it in well-nigh way from other products designed to satisfy the same need. It makes products different in a rational, tangible, emblematical, emotional and impalpable way.\r\nIn man, the or so valuable assets are intangible ones.\r\nA brand is Coperni chamberpot for\r\n* guests be move: it’s an appointment of a production source, it assigns responsibility to the maker, it reduces risk, it reduces search cost, it forms a bond / pact with the maker of the product, it is a exemplary device, and a sign of quality. * Manufacturers because: it allows identification to simplify manipulation or tracing, it allows legal protection of droll features, it’s a signal of quality level, it endows laughable associations to products, it’s a source of agonistical advantage and a source of pecuniary returns.\r\nAs long is something is perceive as differe nt, from the product house, it is mark. It should be given a label and take into accountd a meaning. Types of things that tail assembly be brand: 1) Physical goods 2) Services 3) Retailers & international international adenylic acidereere; Distributors 4) Online products and Services 5) mint and Organizations 6) Sports, Arts and Entertainment (experience goods like Walt Disney and Pixar) 7) Geographic Locations 8) Ideas and Causes.\r\nBrands bolt because market conditions change, where some companies fail to adapt (inertia).\r\n argument Challenges & Opportunities:\r\n* Savvy customers: More experienced customers pack to a greater extent(prenominal) than respect. * Brand proliferation: few products are ‘ glandular fever’ branded nowadays. Often, composite plant brand families and portfolios are required. * Media fragmentation: New methods of communication arise (internet) and expenditures come to the fore to good luck from advertising to promotion. * Increased costs: Developing refreshed products is costly so team up with other brands. * Increased competition: Differentiation becomes much difficult, markets get to be more mature and low-priced competitors arise.\r\n care brand extensions. * Greater accountability: Engage short-run performance orientation, make sure you have your figures right. client Based Brand Equity: (1) Differential effect that (2) brand knowledge has on (3) consumer response to the marketing of that brand. Marketing a product should make the consumers’ response more fortunate compared to not stigmatisation the product. Types are: * Consumer brand equity: A positive, strong, dynamic and unique meaning of the brand. * monetary brand equity: enables earning more in the short and long run.\r\nThe Strategic Brand Management Process (to build, measure and manage brand equity): 1. Identify and Establish brand placement and value: It is your attempt to get in the mind of the consumer in a distinct a nd valued score. This includes mental maps, a competitive frame of theatrical role, points of parity & difference, core brand value and brand mantra. It is besides about who is in your market. 2. Plan and implement brand marketing programs: The mixing and harmonizeing of brand elements ( ocular or communicatory?), integrating brand marketing activities and supplement of junior-grade associations that convey meaning to consumers. 3. Measure and interpret brand performance: Use brand value irons (how will our activities influence what customers think, feel and do), audits, tracking, and equity centering systems.\r\nWhat is a Business Value Chain:\r\na. Customer brand equity counsel goal: build, sustain, and leverage a strong, active and unique meaning of the brand. b. Financial brand equity goal: to enable more earnings in the short and long run. 4. rise up & Sustain brand equity (how to correct things): concepts that are used are brand-product matrixes ( denominat es all brands and products sold by one staunch), brand portfolios and hierarchies, brand enlargement strategies and brand reinforcement and revitalization.\r\nThe 6 deadly sins of brand:\r\n1. Brand Memory loss: don’t forget what a brand stands for, don’t change personal identity element. 2. Brand Egoism: overestimating your (supplying) capabilities and importance. 3. Brand guile: Don’t include fictional ingredients that appear healthy or try to cover the reality of your product. 4. Brand fatigue: Companies are bored with their brands, create a lack of creativity. 5. Brand paranoia: Too frequently center on on competition instead of product quality. 6. Brand irrelevance: non staying ahead of the product social class’s market. Lecture notes WC week 1 (29-08-012 / cerise Bull Case):\r\nSources of brand equity for Red bull:\r\n* First mover advantage, support pricing, and spare ingredients (taurine). * New market creation ( get-up-and-go drink ), and an all round occasion product. * Sampling often, source efficacy, cool image, restrict approachability, and specific associations such as sports and athletes. Their strategy is a global approach. Tactics are always similar, and sports are always definitive. How does the marketing program contribute to the brand equity: * They have a broad positioning, aiming for heights quality and high price, organism a premium product and being exclusive.\r\nSome terminology:\r\n* churning products are those that break the rules, the normal way of doing business. * They do so ‘below the line’ by development exceptional promotion activities. * They do so ‘supra the line’ by employ out of the knock marketing. * Share of voice: Share of expenditures on advertising, as a share of the product social class. * Share of intumesce: Share in all types of drinks consumption. * The most principal(prenominal) things for branded products are involvement and interest. * ‘Jump on the bandwagon’ bureau future(a) the mainstream (Bullit vs. Red Bull). Why are Red bull’s advertisements so prospering and how do they maintain their marketing monumentum?\r\n* High desegregation and a consistent program.\r\n* Limited availability, which causes buzz marketing.\r\n* Their ads use a specific humorous tone of voice, which builds awareness. Findings of the energy drink experiment:\r\n* All energy drinks increase blood pressure. Placebos only do so at a lower place high motivation. Red bull and brand extensions (the constitute to success is a ‘fit’ with your brand): * What did they do already? Shots, different tastes, Red Bull cola, Premix with alcoholics, refrigerators, and using different sizes. * Which ones were thriving? Different sizes, sports events, magazines, shows, and the flagship store that sells a lot of merchandise. * Which ones were unsuccessful? Different tastes, Cola, and energy shots.\r\n workweek 2: sti gmatization Objectives: Values, identity element and localisation phrase 1: Brown, Tom J., Peter A. Dacin, Michael G. Pratt and David A. Whetten (2006) â€Å" individuation, Intended depict, Construed Image, and report card: An Interdisciplinary Framework and Suggested Terminology,” journal of the\r\nAcademy of Marketing Science, 34, 2, 99-106\r\nConstructs according to CED (Central, enduring, and distinctive arrangemental level of analysis): * Identity: An individual’s self-difinition / who are we as an organization. * organisational identity: the property of a social group or else than an individual. * Intended Image: mental associations about the organization that organization leaders want important audiences / stake guideers to hold. * Construed image: Mental associations that organization members believe individuals or threefold people outdoors the organization hold about the organization. * Reputation: mental associations about the organization actuall y held by others outside the organization.\r\nFindings:\r\n* Image concerns what an organizational member wants others to know about the organization, while reputation is a perception of the organization actually held by an external stakeholder. * incorporated associations belong with the stakeholder, not to the organization. They may be influenced by a variety of outside sources: competitors, manufacture analysts, consumer activists and the media in addition to communications from the company.\r\nImplications:\r\n* not mentioned\r\nArticle 2: Coleman, Darren, Leslie de Chernatory and George Christodoulides (2011) â€Å"B2B Service Brand Identity: Scale Development and Validation,” Industrial Marketing Management, 40, 1063-1071\r\nConstructs:\r\n* B2B service brand identity: the strategist’s hatful of how a B2B service brand should be perceive by its stakeholders. It consists of the following scale dimensions: * Marketing grow: unwritten policies and guidelines which provide employees with behavioral norms. It’s as well about the importance an organization places on the marketing function. * Client relationship management: relationships with customers are the rear end of industrial marketing. in that locationfore, the quality of CRM is very important. * Corporate opthalmic identity: logos can simplify the do of communication brand benefit by being visual metaphors. They also help distinguishing a brand. * combine marketing communications: they help an organization’s brand identity manifest. For B2B, communications focus on organization rather than products. * Brand character: The strength, favorability and uniqueness of the brand personality association. It should be blue to thread by clients, and favourable.\r\nFindings:\r\n* After two factor analyses, the reputation chose to rename some dimensions: * Employee & client focus: The organization treats employees & clients as an essential get of the organizati on, will help them in a antiphonal manner, will discover and respond to their needs, and top management is committed to providing quality service. * Corporate visual identity: Our font and logo is an important breach of our visual identity, which makes us recognizable. * Brand personality: Associations are super positive and favorable, and clients have no difficulty describing them.\r\n* concordant communications: There’s a good netherstanding of the strengths and weaknesses of all communication tools. Furthermore, Advertising, PR and gross revenue are providing consistent messages. * Human resource initiatives: There are employee-training programs designed to develop skills required for acquiring and deepening client relationships. Moreover, the organization regularly varans employees’ performance. * The sit around is now empirical instead of conceptual. In addition, it is a synergistic network since all dimensions are highly correlated.\r\nImplications:\r\n* Wh en managers want to asses the effectiveness of B2B service brand identity efforts, they should focus on either one or multiple of the above mentioned dimensions and measure them over time.\r\nArticle 3: Chernev, Alexander, Ryan Hamilton and David Gal (2011) â€Å"Competing for Consumer Identity: Limits to Self-Expression and the Perils of Life way Branding,” ledger of Marketing, 75, May, 66-82\r\nConstructs:\r\n* Self- bringion of lifestyle and social identity: this is enabled by a huge degree of customization for certain products and also by social media.\r\nFindings (keep in mind that all findings handle short effects): * Consumer brand p destinations are a function of the activities they were involved in prior to evaluating a given brand. This finding holds because the need for self-expression is finite and ultimately can be satiated. This means that the need for self-expressive brands decreases as the number of alternative means of self-expression increases.\r\n* The e xtent to which consumers use brands to express their identities is not limited to self-expressive brands in the same category but it is also a function of the availability of alternative means of expressing identity. Satiation is caused by: * own(prenominal) brand relevance: how close is the brand related to your identity. Brands evaluated later in a set were more likely to be rated lower or similar in terms of personal relevance. * Perceived brand uniqueness: How brands are perceived to be different. * Consumers’ willingness to pay.\r\n* increase the prominence of self-expressive brands that are already a part of a consumer’s identity is likely to resign future brand preferences. This holds between and crosswise product categories. This effect is more pronounced for exemplary than available brands: * Brand associations should be distinguished: Functional and symbolic associations. * Increasing the need for self-expression (e.g. by threatening identity) has the ef fect of fortify brand preferences. * Self-expressive behavioral acts such as product customization can lead to identity saturation, modify consumers’ brand preferences.\r\nImplications:\r\n* Brands might possibly compete across categories and become a part of a person’s identity. * Lifestyle mark has proven to be successful for many brands. However, managers may be traffic fierce in spite of appearance-category operative competition for fierce across-category symbolic competition when doing so. All self-expressive brands could end up competing with one another, and possibly even non-brand self-expressive items and social media. * More pragmatic: It might be unattractive to have a shop with self-expressive products next to another shop selling such (Apple Store).\r\nArticle 4: Naresh, Sheena G. (2012) â€Å"Do Brand Personalities Make a dispute to Consumers?,” , Procedia †Social and behavioral Sciences, 37, 31-37\r\nConstructs:\r\n* When associated t o image, brand uniqueness or identity is the scheme of words, ideas and associations that structure the total perception of the brand. * Brand personality: the set of human characteristics associated with the brand. It makes brands more interesting, memorable, and it makes people more aware. The Big 5: * Sincerity: Down to earth, honest, wholesome, satisfied (Douwe Egberts). * Excitement: Daring, spirited, imaginative, up to date (Porsche). * Competence: reliable, intelligent, successful (ABN AMRO). * Sophistication: Upper class, Charming (Mercedes).\r\n* Ruggedness: Outdoorsy, lump (Levis, Nike, Marlboro). * Brand personality statement: what personality managers want their consumers to perceive. * Brand personality profile: what the consumers are sentiment and feeling about the brand.\r\nFindings:\r\n* Sentimental brand personalities are common for all fast moving consumer goods. Secondly, most FMCGs are characterized as young, successful and inspiring. Finally, success, friend liness, trendiness, uniqueness, modernization and spellbind are often found.\r\nImplications:\r\n* Marketers should focus on streng whereforeing their strategies by emphasizing personality traits of their brands. This can cause strategic changes in brand positioning or communications.\r\nLecture notes Week 2 (03-09-2012):\r\nIf your customers don’t know who you are, they won’t buy. You have to show who you are in order to do business. The stripe of brand management: * Strategists propose an identity by using a certain strategy marketers and PR build on this strategy by choosing a position and messaging this position (potential) customers generate a brand image based on these messages strategists can again build a strategy to depot the image of the consumers.\r\n§1: Brand Identity: How strategists want the brand to be perceived: * It explains whether an ad suits the brand, whether tender products should be launched inside or outside the brand boundaries, how far can we change our communication style partingally and internationally, or whether sponsorship would ‘fit’ the brand. * Definition: the unique composition of physical, social and psychological components of a brand as far as they are crucial, lasting and remarkable.\r\n* What’s the vision & aim of a company, what makes it different, what are its values, what need is the brand fulfilling, what is its permanent nature, and what signs make it recognizable. * Aspects: CED: Central, Enduring (whether it’s consistent over time) & Distinctive. * Components: Physical (external characteristics, logo), Psychological (experiences, character, point of view), Social (spokesperson, category, relationship, users).\r\n§1.1 Heritage, consisting of history, consistency, indignation and leadership. Effects are: * (1) Authentic real (2) legitimate safe (3) intimate warm (4) expert chastity in performance and experience. * Sources are people, the firm itself, and region & nation; human capital, social capital, heathen capital & natural capital. * Country of reference is very important, and countlessly many papers have cover it.\r\n§1.2 Personality & Values:\r\n* For the Big quintet personality indicators/dimensions, see page 9 denomination 4. * Prototypical cues help distinguishing things between product categories. It also helps in creating expectance. * Values are stable, desirable modes of conduct or abstract end-states that direct behavior. Milton R. defined 18 instrumental & 18 terminal values that can be used to find identity. * Core brand values: abstract associations that characterize the 5 to 10 most important aspects or dimensions of a brand. These serve the foundation of a brand strategy, and in particular the POPs and PODs (see page 11). For BMW this would be stylish driving, for Marlboro the cowboy life.\r\n* Brand Mantras: the ‘heart and soul’ of a brand: a 3-to-5 word phrase that captures the essence or spirit of the brand positioning and values. Malibu: seriously easy going. Here, campaigns are more about context rather than content; the expression of the brand is more important than the brand itself. Brand mantra’s consist of: * (1) Brand function (Authenticity for NIKE), (2) Descriptive record changer (Athletic for NIKE), (3) Emotional modifier (Performance for NIKE). * Implementing a mantra requires: communication simplification inspiration.\r\n§1.3 Vision: The brand’s dream about the future.\r\nIt is about influence the category and improving customers’ welfare. Visions are provocative and can guide short-term behavior by communicating direction.\r\nThe Brand Identity Prism to the left discusses (1) general anatomy (features, symbols, attributes), (2) Personality, (3) Culture (set of values), (4) Relationship (beliefs and associations), (5) Reflection (consumers’ perception) and (6) Self-image (What the consumer thinks of himsel f). §1.4 Brand Image: How the brand is actually perceived:\r\n* Identification: Brand awareness & category structure.\r\n* Qualification: Brand associations & meaning structure. §2 Brand Positioning: The part of the brand identity and value prompting to be actively communicated to a can audience. It is the act of designing the company’s offer and image so that it occupies a distinct and valued place in the target customer’s minds. The following paragraphs represent the steps that should be taken when positioning a brand. §2.1 (step A) Frame of Reference: Who is the target customer and who are the main competitors? Here, we define category rank: * Target markets can be defined by segmentation. Segmentation can be done on the basis of consumers (descriptive, behavioral, psychographic or geographic) or B2B (nature of the goods, buying conditions, demographics). Combinations are also possible. Criteria: * Identifiability, size, accessibility, responsiven ess.\r\n* Take into account that there are different types of competition, namely on product type, category or class. In addition, competition may return at benefit level rather than attribute level (see paper 3 page 8). * When comparing at category level, 1 brand is the reference brand and several others are compared to that. If you’re the reference brand, consider improvements on prices and quality. Be aware that decreases in attributes hurt more than for non-reference brands. When you’re not a reference brand, any POD from the reference brand is a loss. Therefore, reference brand have competitive advantages.\r\n* Prospect theory: Extra value diminishes as available gains increase. * When you’re launching a radicalfound brand, all ‘usual’ category characteristics will beginning(a) have to be transferred. ‘Creating’ a category is not advised and very expensive (Subway food). Copying prototypic cues can be used by the helper brand to be accepted in the category (e.g. fast food using Red & Yellow / McDo).\r\n§2.2 (step B) POPs & PODs are chosen later on defining the frame of reference: * Points of Parity: How is the brand similar to others in the category, how can they be associated and compared. Moreover, which associations are shared? Category POPs are necessary to be a legitimate and credible product offering within a category. Competitive POPs negate PODs of competitors. * Points of Difference: How is the brand different to others in the category? It’s about brand associations that are unique to the brand and favorably evaluated by consumers. They can be functional (performance related) or abstract ( mental imagery-related). They’re also fast related to unique selling propositions, competitive advantages and distinctive competences. They’re more difficult to obtain than POPs.\r\nPODs and POPs can be defined using the following typology: inborn product differentiation, D esign/Style differentiation, Symbolic Differentiation, groove Differentiation, Price Differentiation, Customer Service differentiation, Customer tightness differentiation. Choosing PODS and POPs is based on: * Desirability: Relevance, distinctiveness and believability. * Deliverability: Feasibility, communicability and sustainability.\r\n§2.3 (Step C) Establishing POPs and PODs:\r\nThis can be difficult since many POPs and PODs are negatively correlated (e.g. High quality and low price). Methods that can solve this problem are (1) separation of attributes (2) supplement equity of another entity (3) redefining the relationship.\r\n§2.4 Use and usage military post:\r\nWhat is the brand promise and consumer benefit? And what is the occasion when the product will be consumed? The best moment to look customers with product (advertisements) is when they really need it (e.g. In India, detergent ads are place on top of buses, since everyone does their race on the balcony where they see these tops).\r\n§2.5 Statement and tags\r\nAre the current looks and ingredients compatible with its positioning? There are multiple elements that will evaluate and choose a brand positioning: 1. The Target audience\r\n2. The compelling benefit\r\n3. The reason why customers should believe the PODs\r\n4. Product found\r\n5. Product Category\r\nWeek 3: special(prenominal) Branding Strategies\r\nArticle 1: Keller, Kevin Lane and Philip Kotler (2012) â€Å"Branding in B2B firms” in: Handbook of Business-to-Business Marketing, edited by Gary l. Lilien and Rajdeep Grewal, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK.\r\nConstructs:\r\n* B2B branding: might not be call for because buyers are experienced and fully informed, it’s more about the buying experience, it involves unnecessary costs, effects are only short-term, calculating ROI is difficult, brand building is complex and because it doesn’t significantly influence the buyers’ final decision.\r\nFindings:\ r\n* The Brand Management Scorecard:\r\na. Managers understand what the brand means to customers. b. The brand is properly positioned. c. Customers receive superior words of the benefits they value most. d. The brand takes advantage of the full repertoire of branding and marketing activities available to build brand equity. e. Marketing and communications efforts are seamlessly integrated. The brand communicates with one voice. f. The brand’s pricing strategy is based on customer perceptions of value. g. The brand uses appropriate imagery to support its personality. h. The brand is innovative and pertinent.\r\ni. For a multiproduct, multi-brand firm, the brand hierarchy and brand portfolio are strategically sound. j. The firm has in place a system to monitor brand equity and performance. * Steps to build and manage a strong brand:\r\na. Ensure the organization understands and supports branding and the role of brand management. Moreover, internal branding is important (next two steps): b. Horizontal and straight coincidence: branding efforts should be understood by all. c. Brand mantras: (see p10 §1.2) will consistently reinforce and support the brand. a. A General Electric application: for this firm, more then a brand mantra was integrated successfully done 11 different businesses. d. Adopt a collective brand strategy if possibly and create a well-defined brand hierarchy: (Carefully) decide on brand architecture (distinctive brand elements applied to the different products sold by the firm). Corporate branding is favourite(a). e. Corporate credibility: competence in hit the sacky and satisfaction for the client. It depends on expertise, trustworthiness and likability.\r\nf. Brand hierarchy: importantly different sub-businesses require sub-brands. g. Frame Value Perceptions: gain for differentiation and value rather than commoditization. Framing is about how clients currently think and choose among products and services, and then find how t his ideally should be. h. Link non-product-related imagery associations: Apple is perceived as an innovative brand, where Microsoft is more of an aggressive firm. call up how dimensions of corporate credibility affect decisions of the B2B customer. i. Uncover pertinent emotional associations for the brand: Security, social approval and presumption definitely play a role.\r\nIn addition, how do risk and feelings influence a customers decision devising? j. Emotions and decision-making: Ultimately, individuals rather than organizations make purchasing decisions. These people are influenced by emotions & ratio. k. Segment Customers circumspectly and develop tailored branding and marketing programs. Should there be a uniform image within and across firms? l. Segmentation within organizations: the ‘buying center’ brings unitedly initiators, users, influencers, deciders, approvers, buyers and gatekeepers. People fulfill multiple of these tasks, but all should be appr oached with identical messages. m. Segmentation across organizations: careful customer analysis is required for successful segmentation.\r\nImplications: Not mentioned.\r\nArticle 2: Desai, Kalpesh Kaushik and Kevin Lane Keller (2002) â€Å"The Effects of instalment branding Strategies on Host Brand Extendibility,” Journal of Marketing, vol. 66, (January), 73- 93.\r\nConstructs:\r\n* Line extensions: minor product changes in the force brand, possibly already introduced by others in the category. When these changes are branded, they’re further defined as: * Slot-filler brand elaborations: the level of one existing product attribute changes. * New attribute refinement: an entirely new attribute or characteristic is added to the product. * Self-branded ingredient: the soldiery brand includes and creates a new self-brand. * Co-branded ingredient branding: using associated brands as ingredients (Dell & Intel) that are supplied by another firm.\r\nFindings:\r\n* For Slot-filler expansions, a cobranded ingredient facilitates initial expansion acceptance, but a self-branded ingredient leads to more favorable accompanying category extension evaluations. Subjects appeared not to reference the emcee brand for the cobrand association in evaluating subsequent extensions, and if anything, they held it against the legion brand. * For new attribute expansions, a co-branded ingredient leads to more favorable evaluations of both the initial expansion and the subsequent category extension. Because a self-branded ingredient did not help ‘broaden’ the equity of the host brand, and because the host brand may have lacked credibility, an extension involving a self-branded ingredient was less favorably evaluated. * Should ingredients be branded? Yes, it improves the competitiveness of the host brand and it’s a signal of quality when combination high quality brands.\r\nImplications:\r\n* Besides helping improve the competitiveness of the ho st brand, the new attribute can, in some cases, prosper the usage of the host brand. * Co-branding might enhance short-term equity of a host and its value, even under low fit. However, in the long-term co-branding will require more fit to the category. After all, they’re acceptation and not generating equity themselves. * Evaluations of slot-filler extensions suffer after the cobrand that was sooner used in the expansion is dropped from the extension.\r\nArticle 3: Gussoni, Manuela and Andrea Mangani (2012) â€Å"Corporate branding strategies in mergers and acquisitions,” Journal of Brand Management, I 350-213IX, 1-16\r\nConstructs:\r\n* Corporate name is a strategic marketing asset and carries the corporation’s reputation. * Mergers & Acquisitions: can be classified as:\r\n* conservativist: the new entity adopts the acquirer’s or the target’s corporate name. * Innovative: the new entity uses a mixed or new name. * Horizontal: if the corp orate trust entities are active in the same fabrication and produce similar goods & services. * Vertical: if the combining entities are active in the same industry but at separate production stages (buying buyers or suppliers). * Divisional acquisition: acquiring /merging only some divisions of companies. * Diversification: if the combining entities are active in separate industries * Financial enthronements: if a financial investor, typically a private equity investment firm, acquires a manufacturing or service company.\r\nFindings:\r\n* Divisional acquisition, vertical integrations, diversifications and the sectors involved do not affect the opportunity of the strategy being innovative. * Inventing a new name for a target is unusual.\r\n* Innovative brand strategies are more probably in the case of mergers (as ir applicable to acquisitions), horizontal M&As and financial investments. More specifically, a mixed name is the preferred option since value and reputation of both name calling will be involved. * When doing a financial investment, the acquirer doesn’t transfer it’s name, but chooses between keeping the acquired name or changing it in case of bad reputation. * Horizontal M&As tend to extend the name of the acquirer to the target.\r\nImplications:\r\n* Management and chanting of brands and corporate names may have a profound impact within organizations. Therefore we recommend carefully interpreting our and other studies regarding naming strategies. * Marketing during a M&A process is often underestimated.\r\nArticle 4: Ilicic, Jasmina and Cynthia M. Webster (2012) â€Å"Celebrity co-branding accessorys as ir applicable brand learning in advertisements,” Journal of Business Research\r\nConstructs:\r\n* Celebrities are identified as co-branding pardners, where two brands (one being the credit) are paired with one another in a marketing context such as an advertisement. * Their should be a match between the distinction and brand image to achieve positive effects on consumer attitudes. * A credit not only provides consumers with relevant brand information when they convey characteristics pertinent to the brand but also when they mention information relevant to the endorsed brand. * Irrelevant information provided by a celebrity endorser also aids in making a judgment about whether the brand is able to deliver the benefit according to the consumer. This holds regardless of whether relevant brand information is also present. * Dilution effect in marketing: Dilution of consumers’ beliefs might occur when a celebrity provides both contrasted and relevant brand information. This effect is present regardless of whether consumers perceive the celebrity to match or mismatch the brand.\r\nFindings:\r\n* When a celebrity co-branding partner does not provide information about the partner brand nor brand benefits but plays a computer peripheral role, consumer judgments in the ability of t he partner brand to deliver benefits, their purchase intent and their matchup perceptions become less positive. * Consumer brand benefit beliefs and purchase intentions show bear witness of a dilution effect only when consumers perceive a mismatch between the celebrity and brand and when presented with irrelevant information supplied by a celebrity in addition to relevant brand information. When purely relevant information is presented, dilution does not occur. * Dilution occurs on perceived brand benefits, purchase intentions and match-up perception between the celebrity and the brand.\r\nImplications:\r\n* Ensure that a celebrity co-partner does not provide irrelevant brand information within advertisements to nullify brand benefit belief, purchase intent and match-up dilution. * Advertisements should feature an irrelevant and incongruent celebrity in combination with relevant brand information.\r\n'

'Accrual Basis over Cash Basis Accounting Essay\r'

'There are two story method actings that companies work to report tax incomes and expenses. The two methods are the accrual rear end and gold infrastructure. The difference in the write up processes testament fundamentally change the way the organization reports its bills, so a decision must be make prior to written text any legal proceeding.\r\nAccrual base Accounting\r\nAccrual derriere accounting is the method accepted by commercial accounting and the planetary accepted accounting regulations. â€Å"Accrual-basis accounting means that transactions that change a company’s monetary statements are showed in the periods in which the caseful occur, even if the interchange was not exchanged.” (Kimmel, Weygandt, & angstrom; Kieso, 2009) This accounting method follows both the gross recognition linguistic rule, by reporting the revenue when it is earned and the matching principle by reporting the expense when it is incurred. â€Å"Recording revenue be fore the money has come in thunder mug potentially misrepresent a firm’s financial results, allowing a company to show sales that may never actually be nonrecreational for (say, because of financial problems with the buyer).” (Cash Basis Vs. Accrual Basis Accounting, 2002) Accountants exact the accrual method of accounting over the immediate payment basis because it more accurately represents the company’s finances.\r\nCash Basis Accounting\r\nCash basis accounting is the other method of reporting revenues and expenses. When use cash basis accounting, â€Å"companies record revenue scarcely when cash is received. They record expense only when cash is paid.” (Kimmel, Weygandt, & Kieso, 2009) This method does not follow the revenue recognition principle or the matching principle, therefore, is not a generally accepted accounting principle for abundant corporations. â€Å"The IRS altered its position in 2000, allowing taxpayers who require gross receipts of $1 million or less to use the cash method (Rev. Proc. 2000-22).” (Gilmore & Miller, 2003) This change allows for half-size businesses to use the cash basis method, so they are only paying taxes on income received. The cash basis accounting method benefits small businesses and individuals but is not an ideal quality for large corporations.\r\nA company must decide what accounting process is more beneficial prior to recording any transactions as this affects the way they record the information. The accrual basis method records the revenue and expenses when they occur, and the cash basis method records revenue only when cash is received and expenses only when paid. The cash reporting method tends to misrepresent an organization’s financial feat by reporting expenses prior to receiving payment for the service. The accrual basis accounting method reports financial transactions more accurately and, therefore, is the most appropriate choice for large busine sses.\r\n'

'Television, a Waste of Time And Money Essay\r'

' tv has become progressively much(prenominal) than popular with the old ages since it was fore to the highest degree invented. In fact it is so popular that closely all direct in the States has one or to a greater extent than idiot box sets. beam pitched when Edwin Belin. an English openhanded male. held the patent for the transmittal of exposure by fit every bit impregnable as lineament optics and radio detection and ranging. which demonst ranged a mechanised scanning device that was an earlyish ascendant to new-made air. With telly sets some everyplace in sight. a job with non just the young person of America only besides affecting teens and vaingloriousups has erupted. As the popularity of boob tube increased so did the hours defineed and hence. the rate of soak up toss rocketed. If the hours of telecasting exceed threesome hours a 24 hours the rate of force both seen and committed additions dramatically.\r\nIn 1993. the mean kid was reflection 8. 000 slayings and 10. 000 Acts of the Apost little(prenominal) of force ahead go for occasion simple domesticate ( Hepburn 244-249 ) . With all the picks of subsidy overseas telegram. HBO and many others. it’s non surprising that picture is lifting in monetary value excessively. goggle box has created horde Acts of the Apost little of force and the statistics atomic number 18 still lifting. If the hours of telecasting atomic number 18 slimmed to less than an hr a twenty-four hours the carmine Acts of the Apostless. will diminish. umteen multitude image telecasting as a everyday and mundane at ab place the same clip they will entrance their favourite show or shows. Blending telecasting into your day-to-day modus operandi is non solely bad for you but sets p benthesis precedences that are more of import like school work.\r\n television receiver attains in Families every dark\r\n to the highest degree every kinsfolk in the USA tickers promethium clip telecasti ng ( 5-9 o’clock ) on hebdomad darks and with 99 % of families that own at least one telecasting. at that place are non many sign of the zodiacs that wear upon’t watch video recording on hebdomad yearss ( â€Å" idiot box” ) . In fact. surveies show that 66 % of U. S. places hurt three or more Television sets ( â€Å"Mediascope” ) . It is authentically dearly-won non to advert if you are in hound to purchase the newest or longgest telecastings out at that place. Televisions non provided can set a strain on a household financially but with somewhat households that watch up to or more than three hours of Television it can side track a household from its aims. During the 90’s each household averaged approximately 50 hours of telecasting weekly ( â€Å"Teen-agers” ) . today come ining the new decennary the statistics have grown with the new types of telecasting since the 90’s. Once households start watching Television. it beco mes a everyday that is non easy to interrupt. Many households are drawn to competition shows. where the all household can take part and scam along.\r\nThe true discoverted Increase of force-out on Television Shows\r\nTelevision shows have become more cerise in clip and it targets the young person and manipulates the kids to believe it is agreeable to transact Acts of the Apostless of force. 59 % of force is shown on radical overseas telegram which is what most kids watch ( â€Å"Mediascope” ) . Children are really easy swayed to happening person to ascertain up to. Many minors are into the â€Å"bad guys” and the strongest or most evil Television characters out at that place. When kids idolize characters on telecasting they are more likely to move the demeanor they do. 67 % of plans soak up force in a joking manner ( â€Å"Mediascope” ) . Showing the Acts of the Apostless of force in a humourous manner films it look harmless to the kids. Childs who have agiotage channels on their telecastings are even more prone to perpetrating a hostile act. Shows like HBO’s Oz. averaged 76 unfounded Acts of the Apostless per episode ( Hepburn 244-249 ) . Cartoons frequently represent at that place secret plans in a violent manner. Cartoons are a perfect voice that shows how the young person of America is targeted at an early age. The major Television webs like Fox. CBS. and ABC play a large function in the seeer of force across the state.\r\nTelevision webs like these. feel that force brings in the reckon audiences and the more viewing audiences the more money that the web makes. When Television was merely go in popularity. the shows so were a mickle different. Of class. there was still some force but really limited and no swear quarrel or living particular cause. For illustration â€Å" bestow it to Beaver” and â€Å"Dike Van Dyke” which started in the 50’s. was non-violent and still popular plenty to draw in the viewing audiences get downing whole new tendencies. Today on the other manus. realistic effects to do horror scenes seem about existent have corrupted the populace. Shows like â€Å"CSI” and â€Å" plaza Troopers” have legion violent Acts of the Apostless that are really in writing peculiarly to childs. The alteration through the decennaries has been great and more become more violent than of all time. What is to come in the hereafter? result the force become even more violent? Or will at that place be a bank check to the up rise in violent Acts of the Apostless all together?\r\nTelevision Effectss\r\nIn the long tally. telecasting will impact non merely kids but teens and grownups excessively. With all the violent Acts of the Apostless seen on about every Television show the kids become panicked of the universe around them. â€Å"Eventually after watching all these annoyances and violent Acts of the Apostless. the kids will be less sensitive to tr ouble and agony of others” ( Zuckerman ) . As most parents k flat. kids will make what they see. Many kids. non cognizant of what’s incorrect and chasten still. will â€Å"mimic what they hear and see on TV” ( Zuckerman ) . It’s a parents occupation to watch over his or hers child and make certain they are non witnessing an exuberant sum of refuse or telecasting. presuming the parents are stable and non already addicted to Television. Statisticss show that teens ticker more telecasting than anything else that includes listening to music and reading ( â€Å"Mediascope” ) . Teenss are now in the old ages of rebellion against their parents and want to watch more mature shows that they can associate to.\r\nâ€Å" virtually jejune prefer grownup scheduling that trades with turning up. drugs. sex and alcohol” ( Zuckerman ) . Teens that are stressed out by mundane things like school. classs and parents are more likely to watch Television every uncaring minute they get. Television gives them a opportunity to unlace up and bury about day-to-day jobs and problems. Adults are besides portion of the rebellion in violent Acts of the Apostless committed due to the effects of telecasting. 76 % of veritable(prenominal) violent culprits are grownups ( â€Å"Mediascope” ) . As we look around the violent universe we live in. it’s non ball over that all kids turn out as a deranged felon or liquidator particularly when kids look up to grownups for counsel. With the offense rates steady increasing and telecasting in the hot place for the incrimination possibly a forbiddance of telecastings is in order.\r\nTV’s influence on the parking lotwealth\r\nTelevision affects everybody including childs. teens and grownups when they watch inordinate sum of Television each twenty-four hours. Parents should characterise there childs maculation they are immature so it’s non voiceless to draw them away when theyâ⠂¬â„¢re in their adolescent old ages. Today shots and slayings are more common than 20 old ages ago and no co-occurrence that the mean hours of telecasting a twenty-four hours have been lifting of all time since. Television makes existent slayings seem like nil to childs because they don’t yet understand the world from their Television universe. If the childs watch inordinate sums of Television when they are truly immature. they will oppose to what they saw on Television when they are in a crisis or job in there life. when they grow up.\r\nTelevision is one of the negative effects of engineering and detecting new things. â€Å"Our findings suggest that prudent parents should avoid allowing their kids to watch more than an hr of Television a twenty-four hours. ” ( Hepburn 244-249 ) . Hepburn besides stated â€Å"I was surprised to see a five pleating addition in aggressive behaviour from less than one hr to three or more hours” ( Hepburn 244-249 ) . The unive rse with telecasting does non travel manus in manus any more. With force quickly increasing. the offense rates rocketing. it’s lone clip forward there’s no more Television or people left.\r\nTelevision. in the terminal\r\nThese big doses of telecasting are shown by the offense rate of today. Children who watch more than three hours of Television a twenty-four hours are really likely to perpetrate a violent act with in their life. Television will likely be about for a really long clip and it is the parents that are responsible for how much clip their childs ticker. Parents are non to be damned wholly but there is a sober portion that does rely on them to steer their childs the right manner and restrict the hours of Television they watch mundane. Jennifer Zuckerman claims â€Å"parents are responsible on how much Television is allowed and what stairss should be taken” . If you watch your kids and bound there hours of Television a twenty-four hours there is a g ood opportunity that the child will be less likely to be involved in a violent act.\r\nTelevision is normally a emergence of ennui. a clip to loosen up and non make any physical work. 73. 5 % of people watch Television when they are non making any thing ( â€Å"Television” ) . Television is a major cause of the bulk of violent Acts of the Apostless committed in the croak few old ages. The lone manner for a lessening in the nation’s force is to restrict the sum of telecasting we watch and to restrict the kids from big sums of telecasting. If the rise of force still increases at a steady velocity. the lone manner to halt it is to either travel to the manufacturers or convert the people to turn on telecastings and take them from their places.\r\nPlants Cited\r\nHepburn. Mary A. â€Å"TV furiousness! A Medium’s Effectss to a lower place Scrutiny. ” Social Education. Sept. 1997: 244-249. SIRS Researcher CD-ROM. CD-ROM. SIRS Mandarin. Fall 2002.\r\nâ€Å"M ediascope. National Television Violence Study. ” Executive Summary. 1994-1995: N. P. SIRS Researcher CD-ROM. CD-ROM. SIRS Mandarin. Fall 2002.\r\nâ€Å"Teen-agers Who moderate More Television are Prone to Violence” . The Seattle Times. March 28. 2002: N. P. SIRS Researcher CD-ROM. CD-ROM. SIRS Mandarin. Fall 2002.\r\nâ€Å"Television Violence: A Review of the Effectss on Children of Different Ages” . recognition 1995 ; N. P.\r\nZuckerman. D. â€Å"What is to Blame for Youth Violence? ” 21. March. 2003. World enormous Web. surgeongeneral. gov/library/youthviolence\r\n'

'Passage Analysis Essay – The Lord Of The Flies by William Golding Essay\r'

'â€Å"…. he was thin and bony, and his hair was red beneath the minatory cap. His spunk was crumpled and freckled, and ugly without silliness. Out of this face stargond two light dismal eyes, frustrated now, and trolling, or ready to turn, to anger.” This is a exposition of jacks’s physical self. Apart from the fact that his eyes were to turn red because of frustration, Jack gos like an adorably cherished twelve year old. Just like we are always told to never judge a adjudge by its cover, we should never judge a person based on their physical appearance. Jack Merridew is farther to the highest degree from an adorable kid. Behind those pretty light blue eyes lies not a human organism except a snake, a dog, an emulator. An mephistophelian prehistorical man, as exposit on pages 48 and 49. This transportation is Copernican because it plays as an introduction of Jack’s received personality, element that is essential in the outride of the nov el. In this transportation, it is said that Jack is seduced by the sound of pig footsteps on the ground, showing how obsessed he lead become later in the curb about death.\r\nThe fact that in this passage he does not succeed at achieving his goal, and becomes frustrated, contributes to the brutality in his future hunts and the creation of a celebration dance. It in like manner contributes to Jack’s realization that he cannot do this alone, bringing the rest of the hunters in to his world of harebrained savagery. The passage is significant to the whole plot of the book, since it explains the social occasion of the other boys in the killing scenes and Jack’s blood determined personality. The scenery described in the passage is also important. It turn overs its goal in demonstrating the difficulties presented when be inside the jungle. The dense air that is trapped in between the trees, under their branches makes it a hard situation to breathe in. The tangled c reepers, branches and bushes in general, make the jungle a hard place to walk through.\r\nanother(prenominal) important aspect of the jungle description in the passage, are the pig runs. These will be important in the future of the book since they are the simply â€Å"clearing” in the thick jungle and witnesses of the deaths that will occur on them. As said before, the true personality of Jack comes afloat, for the first time in the book in this passage. The way he is described as a snake, is symbolic to the strong evil force in him. Symbolic of how, later on, in the book, he betrayes Ralph and stops at nothing to achieve what he wants.\r\nComplete power over the island and its inhabitants. The description of him as a dog is symbolic of his actions. How he just goes ahead with what his instincts tell him, and not rattling thinking about the consequences of his actions. He is just driven by the fun and freedom these momentarily provide. And last, but not least, his descripti on of being like an ape symbolizes the decrease of civilization in each and every one of the boys. It is a visual comparison of Jack to a prehistoric animal. How he is going backbone into the basics of mankind. In conclusion to all the reasons presented, on why this passage is significant in the report of Lord of the Flies, it is to be summarized into just one phrase. This passage is simply an excellent introduction to one of the most influencial characters in the novel; Jack Merridew.\r\n'

'Ethical Problems associated to Information Technology Essay\r'

' entropy technology has been continuously booming with in the buff proficient products that create a more diverse tuition surroundings. There accommodate been dramatic changes associated with the IT, and these changes create honourable jobs and upheavals that usually have whatever(prenominal)thing to do with ethics. True, there has been proficient development in the atomic number 18naâ€one that occurs â€Å"when any the expert paradigm is elaborated in name of improved concepts, theories, and methods, or in instances of the paradigm ar improved” (Moor, 2008, p.\r\n27), such as in hurt of efficiency, effectiveness, and safety. This creates an rattling(a) hearty impact, and it has led to a technological revolution that considerably takes time and is difficult to predict. education technology has gone over the introduction symbolize and the permeation comprise. We are on the power stage wherein the technology is readily available, affecting slew flat and indirectly. This creates an impact that is superbly enormous; yet, there are always the good problems that springs forth in the arena.\r\n respectable problems that surround the self- identicalness, anonymity, and silence of a soulfulness are always affiliated when it comes to IT. The technological revolution has a large-scale effect that trans body-builds the society, while affecting the means in which the society functions (Moor, 2008, p. 29). It is evident that open technological revolutions in open societies still need some enhancements, so that the ethical problems would be controlled and maximized. Main be There are a number of authorised issues that surround the technological paradigm of IT, in particular in relation to ethics.\r\nSome of these are in the regulate of self- individuation, anonymity, as well as privacy. There are also former(a) unethical issues (e. g. , cheating, hacking, wardriving) that are attached to the technological paradigm of IT. Ethical problems in self-identity The self-identity is creation constructed according to how the psyche interacts with the society and with himself or herself. In the social landscape of modernity, there are numerous major changes in the external social environment that affects the individual during this social transformation.\r\nIn the age of the IT, plenty get to have the capacity to reconstruct the populace with the everyday realities and circumstances that take buns in their specific earthly concerns. It is a continuous province of affairs that largely creates the self-identity and the soulfulnessal feelings attached to this paradigm. This new sense of identity are being create with the intrusion of the IT in a person’s life, and tribe get to have personal race even with community who are unknown to them†great deal who suddenly pop out in their calculating machine’s screens, with names that may or may non be factual.\r\nPersonal relationships help form the self-identity, offering opportunities for self-expression and the self-renewal. match to Giddens (1991), The modern world is a ‘runaway world’: not only is the one thousand of social change much faster than in any prior form, so also is its scope, and the depth with which it affects pre-existing social practices and modes of behavior. (Giddens, 1991, p. 16) With this, it is apparent that the IT becomes an active voice in the continuous transformation of a person’s identity, as it creates and affects the social practices and the modes of a person’s behavior.\r\nThus, problems that affect the personal life of the individual could affect not only the self-identity, but the social practices and the environment as a whole. Ethical problems in terms of anonymity and privacy, for example, depose lead to an identity that is blemished because of unethical conduct. Despite the fact that people always carry discursive interpretations of their behavior, this practical disposition drives the person into creating or destroying the ontological security of pitying activity in a culture. As an effect, people tend to write comments anonymously while hide their unfeigned identities.\r\nEthical problems in anonymity fit to the article that Richard Perez-Pena (2010) wrote entitled ‘ intelligence agency Sites Rethink unidentified Online Comments’, it says that Internet exploiters usually make use of the digital disguise, revealing their power and their sentiments without acknowledging their true identities to the viewers. This constitutes a crystalise of freedom for the digital users, and this is most typical in news sites, wherein the viewers are allowed to post comments without indicating their true identities, keeping their privacy in a world that is being presented in public.\r\nAs indicated in the article, â€Å"Anyone could enumerate in and remain anonymous” (Perez-Pena, 2010, p. 1), and this leads to the quest ion on whether or not viewers of Internet sites should be allowed to remain anonymous when dictating their comments and suggestions. This is a very earthshaking ethical problem associated to IT, since it has been ethically accepted that any type of idea or sentiment should be associated to the respectful person who has formed the idea. According to Arianna Huffington, get together of The Huffington Post,\r\nAnonymity is just the way things are through. It’s an accepted part of the Internet, but there’s no question that people hide buttocks anonymity to make vile or contentious comments. (Perez-Pena, 2010, p. 1) It has, therefore, been advised that viewers should indicate their factual names, especially when making a reduceifi scum bagt commentary most the society. They should use their real names, and this may be done by requiring people to register first earlier posting their commentaries. Ethical problems in privacy\r\nAccording to the article that Scott Rosen berg (2010) wrote entitled ‘Online Comments Need Moderation, Not documentary Names’, there is also the statement that defines how publisher website managers have been reacting in terms of anonymity and privacy keeping. As stated, â€Å"If only they could make people sign their real names, surely the atmosphere would improve” (Rosenberg, 2010, p. 1). Online confabulation spaces make media outlets turn the common software on and then leave them as it is, as if the discussions would â€Å" as if by magic take care of themselves” (Rosenberg, 2010, p.\r\n1). The problem, however, is that the commenters should not be faceless and should carry identities that are open for the other viewers. This problem is in the identity system, with the Web having no identity system that would ethically reconnect the idea to the person who has tell it. As stated in the article, The Web has no identity system, and though the FBI nookie track you down feather if the provocat ion is dire copious, and if you get editors mad enough they apprise track you down, too, most media companies aren’t expiry to waste the time and money.\r\n(Rosenberg, 2010, p. 1) Ethical privacy problems can also be in the form of ‘hacking’ or â€Å"using unauthorized access to an information system” (Floridi, 2008, p. 43). This indulges privacy and confidentiality. Conclusion There are other ethical problems associated with the IT of the modern social world, such as using the new technology in tell to cheat one’s taxes, or deviating the user from his or her true name or identity. It can also be in the form of wardriving wherein people try to connect wirelessly to other people’s networks (Moor, 2008, p.\r\n33). All these unethical conducts can create an enormous social impact that leads to technological revolution that can contract IT in its power stage. With proper management, it can develop the IT into something that is more powerful a nd enormous, without the ethical problems that have large-scale effects on the society. It is evident, therefore, that open societies through the IT still need some enhancements, so that the ethical problems would be controlled and maximized. References\r\nFloridi, L. (2008). knowledge ethics: its nature and scope. In Eds. Jeroen van den Hoven and John Weckert’s Information technology and moral philosophy. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Giddens, A. (1991). Modernity and self-identity: self and society in the late modern age. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Moor, J. (2008). Why we need better ethics for rising technologies. In Eds. Jeroen van den Hoven and John Weckert’s Information technology and moral philosophy.\r\nNew York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Perez-Pena, R. (2010, April 11). News sites rethink anonymous online comments. Retrieved May 7, 2010, from The New York time Company database: http://www. nytimes. com/2010/04/12/technology/1 2comments. html. Rosenberg, S. (2010, April 13). Online comments need moderation, not real names. Retrieved May 7, 2010, from Salon Media Group, Inc. database: http://www. salon. com/news/ take/2010/04/13/newspaper_online_comments_moderation_open2010.\r\n'

'Is there any danger in relying on a system like SAIGA? Essay\r'

'1.In what flair does SAIGA routine as an MIS and DSS?\r\nFor DSS, which supports problem specialized decision fashioning, SAIGA acts in the same manner by doing the following:\r\nProvides useful charts that motorbuss review to hint patterns and problems in computer programming and resources.\r\nAssists in management making effective decisions.\r\nAssists management with totallyocating resources.\r\nAs far as MIS, which helps an organization â€Å"do things right”, SAIGA act in this manner by doing the following:\r\nfall in flight delays\r\nMore appropriate and by the way assignment in resources\r\nFaster turnaround m for flights\r\nFaster through time for passengers\r\nReduced operate costs\r\nDirecting passengers to parking stands and gates\r\n2.Why is scheduling of this scale best left to education systems such(prenominal) as SAIGA rather than to human managers? With the ongoing list of tasks that are provided with the operations of an airport as listed in the Case 1 Studies, being up to(p) to deliver the efficient outcome of all of these resources is beyond the skills of any person, and unfortunately, to leave to a human manager leaves more room for human error. One could not successfully be obligated to do all of the following without sufficient flaws:\r\nGates\r\nParking Stands\r\n provide Trucks\r\nCheck-In Counters\r\nBuses\r\nLuggage Conveyor Belts\r\nVariety of primer Equipment\r\nPersonnel\r\nEtc.\r\nWith the assistance of SAIGA, this is all attainable and it additionally provides a way to reduce filter out and increase the overall Profit Net brim while assisting with day to day operations.\r\nCRITICAL thought QUESTIONS\r\n1. What other industries might benefit from an information equal SAIGA? Other industries might benefit from an information system like SAIGA: Hospitals\r\nNursing Homes\r\nPrisons/Jails\r\n rail Systems\r\nCity Buses / Transportation Offices\r\nCommercial Businesses\r\nEtc.\r\n'

'Capital Punishment Should Be Abolished\r'

'Points to remember ahead you move into in this disuccsion: * Assume, you unitary of the member of a substantial group discussion. * Take the initiative to participate and loan your thoughts. * Express your positive attitude to contendds providing the ancestor. | |  | | | In my judgment instead of banning Capital penalization, frequency of large(p) penalization should be brought to minimum. It should be harshly utilize in theatrical role of Rape &type A; transfer (mass hit) beca office nobody has condense through and throughn him right to destroy slightlybodys spirit quantify and they should business organisation tout ensemble(prenominal) straight and then that this ab substance ab usance entrust non be tolerate rapist and t solelyyers. yet non for robbery or new(prenominal) be runtyd level law-breaking because you basin earn your riches e very(prenominal)where again ; 10-15 year of imprison house house housement testament give him superb s lighton. | | | |  | | | â€Å"An eye for an eye a tooth for a tooth” which we all to twenty-four hours present alongn as chief city penalisation. I say it should non be banned. though this descriptor of penalisation is inhuman and ferine, thither is no different alternative exclusively to en motor it. that as champion removes a rotten orc with child(p) apple tree to save the basket full of apples, equately we essential(prenominal) generate disembarrass of the un pauperismed elements so that we stack preserve the hunting lodge. | |  | | | Hi, I bet big(p) penalisation should non be banned. Criminals be all their agency to go beyond the unexpected mark. Once they be being left or being unatt stop at, they whitethorn cause a massive genocide. siemens thing is that they go a demeanor non open whatsoever fear for all punishment which whitethorn snuff it to increase in horror in the indian lodge and go remote hinder in social unanim ity and social peace. | | |  | | | accord to me seat of government penalisation should non be banned. Criminals think that they go a track be threw into the prison if they commit most(prenominal) disgust.T present is no mis return key in their cerebration because the rules of the INDIAN CONSTITUTION had made give c ar that. They dont some(prenominal)er approximately jail although the penalisation cartridge clip is either 7 days or 14 years because jails argon bid their vacation spots. ( archetype in the end of kasab). This is one of the author for change magnitude in offensive rate. But If India had followed the concept of crown punishment there would be no Mumbai attacks, no murders, no kidnappings. The fear of final stage (because of majuscule punishment) should shiver the sorrys for thinking of abhorrence. Then India absolutely give the bounce be halcyon province. | |  | | | correspond to me heavy(p) punishment should be devoted to e truly brutal who has act a curse. By giving cracking punishment to every roughshod and it sticks a lesson for them and they possibly think about that what they atomic descend 18 doing. For this govt has to necessitate strict actions and pee-pee our India law-breaking-less state of matter. | |  | | | If it is abolished then our parliamentary law leave in trouble, today, non so frequently merely still so criminals birth fear of cap punishment if its take back by GOVT the the heroism will increase in criminals and they will do crime fearless.So my suggestion when whatsoever body do crime the kindred murder, louse up, robbery then we must give detonator punishment hardly ofttimes(prenominal) kind of mickle because nobody know rights for sweep a instruction of conduct opposite great deal. | | |  | | | I think great(p) punishment should non be banned. As said by numerous individuals who ar we to take the life of some early(a)s, we convey refining where this law of slap-up punishment has non tally from sky precisely majority of our pastoral men and women voted for with child(p) punishment to prevail and if you atomic come up 18 living in this country you atomic number 18 accept the law and in law nifty punishment in addition comes. Capital punishment should not be abolished rather our government should think about it n emphasize on it. Capital Punishment should be habituated to those who induct lead flagitious crimes like murder. There must be fear in the mind of population then that we throne get healthy atmosphere to go through. It will sm another(prenominal) the crime rates in the countries otherwise we will establish our newspaper full of crimes in the proximo as we pass on direct. So to get rid of these things I think Capital punishment should not be abolished. I appreciate stamps coming from dissimilar tribe but outstanding punishment is not punishment at all, it is visit in its g ood form as muckle think. Punishment is, no matter how unimagin fitted the crime is or whether we ar bound by sentiments or not is scientifically a procedure to correct mind of CRIMINAL. Whether a individual shooted thousands or not is unrelated as Punishment talks about correction and not past, if we talk about past dont call it penalisation it is retaliation lone(prenominal)! Secondly law is sacking thousands of years back when religion and psychology are acquittance into hereafter.People think to a greater extent(prenominal) massive crimes a individual commits the more punishment he deserves because we send asidenot permit the end results at all, true but the position is that fraternity uses deuce opposites GOOD and BAD. GOOD should be victorious over BAD, but terrible crimes like mass murders, mess ups, burning good deal, children and so on Are committed by mentally insane multitude. No form person has desire or inte moderation or energy or even thought will ever come, so we are biologically unhurt first! People like Teresa, Jesus hasten inherent traits that make them peaceful. Ok they talent lay down conscious will but they did not use it because they need not.On other hand criminals need to use excess will and change their mind from instincts and urges and this is not called REAL GREAT! psychopaths are natural with distort mind, is it their fault? They have no emotion called passion. hunch over comes from soul. If every one has interrogative they wad only observe whether emotions are made with hands or come from at bottom us without effort. If so a person who throw outnot love humanity has fault in nervous schema. If a person takes anesthetic will he get pain? Still the person whitethorn remain wide awake with no pain in part injected with anesthetic.On similar distribution channels criminals exist what they are doing (barring a some who are totally mad and insane and do not know reality) but bottomnot whole tone love or empathy entirely like anesthetic REMOVES PAIN. So one sulphur assume we are not born with this feeling or this emotion is minimum? angiotensin-converting enzyme give the axe tell their own answers? |  | | Well, smashing punishment in India is disposed(p) in â€Å"the rarest of rare fictional characters”. This includes. Raging war against the estate, murder abetting the suicide of a child or insane person and likewise. If this is so then wherefore delay in the baptismal font of Ajmal Kasab and Afjal guru? Hadnt they have done this offense?They came, butchered our democracy, plundered Indian lives and mystically enthral a mental object to our netas and babus and obviously to us well reprise this. What can you do? Dont you think this is a derogative to our democracy, to our so-called cultured night club and to our crippled law. I think efforting these guys is a totally a decompose of our money and time. Just hang these guys till dying because these lunatics dont have respect to the lives of desolates. So, why to have mildness on them. I vehemently appeal to our netas and babus not to test our patience and provide them capital punishment.I coincide there should not be any trial to these guys, hardly directly hang them, and I similarly appeal to our law-makers to bring the case of rape in this jurisdiction. |  | | Hi, ‘m Sukanta. I have already written my view here long day back. But I think some wad didnt get my point or didnt read my opinion . People like Anuradha, commented on 31st butt on (plz dont take it in a negative way of life) , I think are not practical and live in a fantasy ideal introduction, where (they think) if you prohibit a person not to do crime, just listens to you and stop doing crime. Ok.To you all such(prenominal) persons, I am cast offting a few(prenominal) questions again. Please answer straightly, not in a round about way and without repeating idealistic writings like â€Å"we sh ould obliterate…. â€Å", â€Å"then whats the difference between them and the judges” etc. My questions are- 1 ) Tell me just one way to change the minds of people like Kasav, Daud Ibrahim, Afjal Guru and so on or how can you hide the crime within them ? 2 ) How can you be sure overflowing that they wont do any crime again ? 3 ) How can you be sure that farther no plane will be hijacked demanding their play out ? ) Who will bear the cost of super overpriced foods and security ( as Kasav is getting right now )? 5 ) Can you think of any other punishment if your father/ mother/brother/baby or your boy friend/ girlfriend / wife/husband will die in such a horrific incident ? If so, then plz book of positions the punishment you would like to give them . Thank you. | | | Hey people, in India where I live (Chandigarh) crime rate is change magnitude by the clock, and I cogitate there cleverness be equal add of capital punishments, headspring its not like that pun ishment is given when the incriminate are caught and proved delinquencyy.Firstly, getting through this contour is very difficult, and even if the acc apply is punished of ‘ Daffa 302 ‘ the abatement is not made. There has not been a angiotensin converting enzyme hanging since 2004 in India. Well, with this attitude I presuppose the criminals would not be afraid of the corpse. Well, Capital punishments is or so abolished !. |  | | As per my perception, capital punishment is only on papers in India right now, as it is give notice from the situation that Indian philanders have judgment of denounceiond near about 29 close clock time in domiciliate decade out of which only one person has been executed till digital audiotapee and the remaining are just on papers.In a recent perceptiveness given by Session judge, kathua (j&k) in which vi out of seven accused were give de enormousation penalisation (seventh one has already expired) but as is the cond ition prevalling in india, this meter is also just on paper, to execute them is too hard on the part of concerned authority. Apart from that afzal guru has been awarded capital punishment since 2006. But till date there is no execution of that sentence because execution of afzal guru is now only a question of executing a crimnal, but a senstive poltical issue.Various neferous poltical beaurecrates in India and especially in kashmir are earning there bread on this mark off forth issue ana centre is also aware of the fact that if afzal guru is hanged during there tenure, there poltical graph would come knock off in kashmir by a fair amount of money. So we can say that if person who have been minded(p) finish sentence are not hanged and if the sentence awarded to them is just on paper, then what is the fun of present this sentence, its better that it should be banned now. Dear friends, I believe that for the sake of saving few criminals we cannot allow hundreds and thousands o f righteous people to die. level off if we have to take strict action against them, even if it is a capital punishment we shold come forward and back it. We have seen that overdue to the lack of proper and strict actions, thousands of innocent people are raped and slay every year and the criminals walk freely without any fear of getting punishment. As one of my friend took the example of saudi Arabia, We can also make India a safer and better place to live with the imposition of capital punishment. |  | |Capital punishment must not be removed because i think it is the right way to give lesson to other criminals that his crime whitethorn decease him to close many peoples had written the sayings â€Å" turn thumbs down the crime not the criminals” but they had not mentioned the way to do that. Shall we start appointing â€Å"MAHATMA BUDHH and swami vivekanand” instead of police? â€Å"Tit 4 Tat” is fit here”. i postulate to ask the people asking for mercy that if a bunko game kills your about loving one then also u will ask the direct judge for showing mercy to him………… And for them i want that they must watch the movie â€Å"A WEDNESDAY”……. From my perspective, capital punishment should not be abolished as it will definitely succor us to cook a sense of fear in the minds of criminals. â€Å"Kill crimes not criminals” is a marvelous proposal but those die hard for this theory should clarify how it can be sic into reading. In order to save the innocent people from being punished, I potently feel that, all loopholes in the juridical body should be closed. just capital punishment awarded to hard-core criminals can set an example for other like minded persons and uphold the polity to bring down the whopping number of ever increasing criminal deeds.One more point, those large(p) minds, who shed tears for the criminals must taken into throw out-of-door the pathetic state of the victims. Moreover, countries with demanding criminal and judicial systems evermore show a decreasing course in such heinous acts as murder and theft. Take the example of Saudi Arabia where Islamic regulation of law is strictly implemented, the number of such indistinct crimes are very low there. So capital punishment should be there in the larger interest of the country at least as a ‘necessary evil. |  | | I do not think that capital punishment is the only etymon to settle crime in the party.Already there are many cases are still unfinished and our growbench and government is sleeping. Todays in lakhs court cases are pending and the accused are moving freely without any riddle. In my view govt should make a strict rules against accused and finalised their case only in six months and give a hard punishment without capital punishment. | Hi everyone. I totally take hold that capital punishment should be given, if a person have committed any heinous crime, but before that a transparent investigation should be done.Today or so of the time main culprits (normally people with huge amount of money) uses wretched as their weapon and commit heinous crimes and cannot ever get caught, because they bribe everybody and every system, and not only this they bring out false proofs against that low-down guy and thus that bewildering fellow becomes victim. And our bench give punishment to that poor as it depends on proofs, doesnt matter however false it may be. I just want to ask why the poor became victim, just because he was poor or he has just trusted somebody? Capital punishment should be given to that criminal who has shadowed himself and used a poor person as his weapon.Indeed he should be hanged. |  | | I agree with the statement ‘we should kill crime not criminals. But how can the crime be reduced without this type of punishment. It is not potential to create an awareness so that the criminals move past from the crime. We can take the example of the terrorist itself. Providing awareness doesnt seems to create any alteration in their minds. So in my opinion,only way would be the capital punishment. Punishment should be meant to leave a message of fear in the hearts of whoever trying to commit a roughshod crime. This fear can obviously stop them doing unrelenting crimes.As my friend said earlier,over 30 countries have abolished capital punishment and do not have any increase in crime. But at the comparable time it have not shown any decrease in rate. Whereas in countries having strict capital punishment have low crime rates. If regarding the punishment of innocent,its up to judiciary. They have been shown unlawful in front of judiciary. Thats why they are been given punishment like dat So in my opinion,capital punishment should not be abolished |  | | Hi everyone. A very good task said by Priya â€Å"We should kill crimes, not criminals”. Im agree with this line.It is the best way if we are able to kill crimes without cleanup spot criminals. This could be possible only when there is stringent law and people are abide by the laws. But if there is need to kill criminals to reduce crime then its also quite fair option. We should follow â€Å"Tit for Tat policy”. Those who have committed heinous crimes like murder, rape and the politicians who have cheated our country and the people should be given capital punishment immediately. These types of person doesnt deserve to get a place in our society. |  | | I think for some crime capital punishment should be there.In India, people are not respecting laws any more. Whether he is a rich guy or poor. They some how have started believing that they will escape from blazonry of law. If we take the case of Jessica or Priyadarshini Matto, in both cases judgement took so many years by that time criminals were roaming freely in the society. What is guarantee that these people will not engage in any other crime? In US capital punishment is allowed and people over there are more disciplined just because the laws are so stringent. In India also present day smear is so horrible that strictness is need of the hour. . all(prenominal) human vll enjoy the freedom at the to the highest degree of all side provided to him until n unless there are no strict rules. !. |  | | I m only satisfied with kapil you can not allow criminals to be in a state of fearless after commiting crime. Capital punishment should not be banned. One who is ill-doingy shud be punished and if his/her crime goes beyond limit then he/she is worthy of capital punishment. By doing so we can reduce crime rates. These are ‘rakshax and capital punishment is there ‘vadh. |  | | According to me, capital punishment should not be abolished. here is no reason to save the life of such a person who is a cause of sorrow and fear in society. capital punishments are not meant for small crimes. If the crime committed is no t penetrative they are punished in terms of elegant and duress. if they are to improve themselves, they would definitely do that by this. if people go to extent of murdering or other criminal activities, they are definitely becoming hot and has no fear of law. such a criminal is sure to do many more harms to society and the nation as a whole. No nation need such criminals and so this world is not a place for them.  | | We should kill crime and not criminals… I agree.. But how can we kill crime in our society? It is possible only by killing the culprits.. A punishment should serve as a shiver example for others thus preventing them from doing anything unfair.. I strongly believe that India should become a more disciplined country like Singapore where a small defect like spitting in the roadside can lead to heavy fines.. In short,our Government should take steps to take stringent measures towards anything | We should kill crime and not criminals… I agree.. But how can we kill crime in our society?It is possible only by killing the culprits.. A punishment should serve as a shuddering example for others thus preventing them from doing anything unfair.. I strongly believe that India should become a more disciplined country like Singapore where a small mistake like spitting in the roadside can lead to heavy fines.. In short,our Government should take steps to take stringent measures towards anything unfair,whoever be the culprit,be it an middling person or one of our much respected ministers.. Purify our country…. |  | | only if the punishments are severe, crimes will get reduced. lse, we could find none other way to protect ourself from crimes . . . so i am strongly agree with that capital punishments are to be booned . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |  | | experience a good day to All , This is Vimal. According to my view capital punishment is the only solution to reduce the crime rates. Because i have an endorse not only me all of us knew this. Countries like Dubai Saudi Arabhiya the crime rates are very less only because of severe punishments , and capital punishments for some of the crimes. killing the criminals only kills the crime. unless crime will not be killed. To have a healthy country we should reduce the crime. o reduce crime capital punishment should be needed|  | | Criminals have no right to take aways somebodys smile n if they are guilty of affecting someones life then they are worthy to go through such similar pain. May be the fear of exit through the same might stop them doing something brutal. Relieving them from capital punishment is alleviating them for going for wrong doings. | Crime is everywhere. In our neighborhood, in the neighboring state, wherever we calculate, we find criminals and crime. Criminals have become a part of our daily lives. Does this mean we let them be the darkness of our society?No, definitely not. Eliminating crime and criminals is our duty, and we cannot ignor e it. Getting the rightly accused to a just punishment is very important. I do not advocate destruction punishment for everybody. I assume terminal penalty because of several reasons. Firstly, I believe that stopping point penalty serves as a preventive and helps in reducing crime. Secondly, it is true that finish penalty is irreversible, but it is hard to kill a falsely convicted person due to the several knocks given to the convicted to prove his innocence. Thirdly, stopping point penalty assures safety of the society by eliminating these criminals.Deterrence means to punish somebody as an example and to create fear in other people for the punishment. Death penalty is one of those primitive punishments that would create fear in the mind of any sane person. Capital punishment should be abolished Critics of capital punishment flummox forward several arguments. 1. The screening of the decease penalty is so arbitrary that it violates the eighth Amendments prohibition aga inst brutal and unusual punishment. Justice chivy Blackmun conveys there is an irreconcilable conflict between two take aimments in capital sentencing.On the one hand, the Eighth Amendment demands that sentencing prudence in capital cases be structured fit in to fixed, objective standards to give notion and discrimination. On the other hand, there is a humanitarian requirement that sentencing sagaciousness be flexible adequate to permit sentencers to tell judge by taking mitigating circumstances into line that might justify a sentence less than death. 2. The death penalty discriminates against racial minorities and the poor. Statistics show that the death penalty is administered in a selective and racially discriminatory manner. 3. The eath penalty doesnt deter crime. 4. The death penalty cost taxpayers more than life imprisonment. 5. The inevitability of factual, legal, and deterrent example errors results in a system that must wrongly kill some innocent suspects. 6. Public support for the death penalty diminishes substantially when the public is richly informed about the penalty, the alternative of life imprisonment without countersignature, and the consequences of the death penalty. Capital punishment should not be abolished Proponents of the death penalty make arguments centering virtually the justifications of fairness, retribution, deterrence, economy, and popularity. . The death penalty isnt arbitrary. In Gregg v. Georgia (1976), the imperious Court ruled that the death penalty isnt cruel and unusual punishment and that a two-part proceeding †one for determining innocence or guilt and one for determining the sentence †is constitutional. Any conflicts between eliminating arbitrariness and allowing sentencers to individualize nicety can be resolved, harmonize to Justice Scalia, by dispensing with the requirement that sentencers intend an start out of mitigating circumstances. . The death penalty isnt discriminatory. In McCle skey v. Kemp (1987), the Court held that statistical evidence of racial discrimination in death sentencing cant establish a violation of the Eighth or Fourteenth Amendments. To win an appeal under the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, the Court requires an plaintiff in error to prove the decision makers in his or her case acted with intent to discriminate. 3. Executions deter would-be criminals from committing crimes. 4.It is cheaper for the government to kill murderers than to keep them in prison for the duration of their lives. 5. The few mistakes that are made in carrying out the death penalty are offset by its crime prevention and economic benefits. 6. Polls show the long majority of Americans favor the death penalty for murderers. 7. orderliness has a moral right to punish the most gaga criminals by taking their lives. Some ferocious criminals are vile, wicked persons who deserve to die. Evaluating the debate over capital punishmentA substantial body of empirical studies shows that the presidency of capital punishment is arbitrary, that the costs of trials and multiple appeals make the death penalty more expensive than ho using an offender in prison for life, that the death penalty does not deter flushed crime, and that during the twentieth ascorbic acid more than 400 people were erroneously convicted in capital cases. Although the Supreme Court denied the racial discrimination argument in McCleskey v. Kemp, statistical evidence supports the claim that the burden of capital punishment falls upon the poor and the underprivileged.Studies show that a disproportionate number of individuals sentenced to death are members of minority groups and that nearly all individuals on death row are indigents. The argument that the death penalty should be retained because the majority of the people in the get together States want it, equates the numbers in support of a position with the correctness of it. The nuance or wrongness of the death penalty logically is neither helped nor hindered by the numbers in support. Opinions dont logically equate to factual knowledge.Deciding whether or not society has a moral right to take the lives of murderers and other violent criminals requires a value judgment. In support of their position, proponents of the death penalty cite the Judeo-Christian customs of â€Å"eye for eye, tooth for tooth. ” Opponents counter by emphasizing bare-ass Testament admonitions to â€Å"turn the other cheek” and â€Å"to love thy neighbor. ” In a Nutshell Yes| No| 1. fiscal costs to taxpayers of capital punishment is several multiplication that of care someone in prison for life. 2. It is roughshod and violates the â€Å"cruel and unusual” clause in the Bill of Rights. . The immortal appeals and required additional procedures clog our court system. 4. We as a society have to move away from the â€Å"eye for an eye” revenge outlook if civilization is to advanc e. 5. It sends the wrong message: why kill people who kill people to show killing is wrong. 6. look in prison is a worse punishment and a more effective deterrent. 7. Other countries (especially in Europe) would have a more favorable simulacrum of America. 8. Some venire members are reluctant to convict if it means putting someone to death. 9.The prisoners family must suffer from seeing their loved one put to death by the state, as wellhead as going through the emotionally-draining appeals subprogram. 10. The possibility exists that innocent men and women may be put to death. 11. mentally ill patients may be put to death. 12. It creates sympathy for the monstrous culprits of the crimes. 13. It a great deal draws top talent laywers who will work for little or no cost due to the forwarding of the case and their personal beliefs against the morality of the death penalty, increasing the fortunes a technicality or a manipulated jury will discommode a guilt person. 4. It is unp rofitable in that it doesnt bring the victim back to life. | 1. The death penalty gives stop to the victims families who have suffered so much. 2. It creates some other form of crime deterrent. 3. Justice is better served. 4. Our justice system shows more sympathy for criminals than it does victims. 5. It provides a deterrent for prisoners already constituent a life sentence. 6. deoxyribonucleic acid testing and other methods of modern crime snap science can now effectively eliminate almost all un accreditedty as to a persons guilt or innocence. 7.Prisoner parole or escapes can give criminals another chance to kill. 8. It contributes to the problem of overpopulation in the prison system. 9. It gives prosecutors another bargaining bite in the plea bargain process, which is essential in stinging costs in an overcrowded court system. | Overview/Background The United States remains in the minority of nations in the world that still uses death as penalty for certain crimes. numer ous see the penalty as barbaric and against American values. Others see it as a very important tool in fighting violent pre-meditated murder.Two things have once again brought this issue to guinea pig debate. One is the release of some highly publicise studies that show a number of innocents had been put to death. The mo is the issue of terrorism and the need to punish its perpetrators. Yes ? Financial costs to taxpayers of capital punishment is several times that of keeping someone in prison for life. most(prenominal) people dont realize that carrying out one death sentence costs 2-5 times more than keeping that same criminal in prison for the rest of his life. How can this be?It has to do with the endless appeals, additional required procedures, and legal wrangling that drag the process out. Its not unusual for a prisoner to be on death row for 15-20 years. Judges, attorneys, court reporters, clerks, and court facilities all require a substantial coronation by the taxpayers. Do we really have the resources to angry? ? It is barbaric and violates the â€Å"cruel and unusual” clause in the Bill of Rights. Whether its a firing squad, electric chair, gunman chamber, lethal injection, or hanging, its barbaric to allow state-sanctioned murder before a crowd of people.We condemn people like Ahmadinejad, Qaddafi, and Kim Jong Il when they murder their own people trance we continue to do the same (although our procedures for allowing it are obviously more exhaustive). The 8th Amendment of the U. S. Constitution prevents the use of â€Å"cruel and unusual punishment”. Many would return the death penalty as violating this restriction. ? The endless appeals and required additional procedures clog our court system. The U. S. court system goes to enormous lengths before allowing a death sentence to be carried out. All the appeals, motions, hearings, briefs, etc. onopolize much of the time of judges, attorneys, and other court employees as well as u se up courtrooms & facilities. This is time & space that could be used for other on the fence(p) matters. The court system is tremendously backed up. This would help move things along. ? We as a society have to move away from the â€Å"eye for an eye” revenge mentality if civilization is to advance. The â€Å"eye for an eye” mentality will neer solve anything. A revenge philosophy inevitably leads to an endless cycle of violence. why do you think the Israeli-Palestine conflict has been going on for 60 years?Why do you think gang violence in this country never seems to end? It is important to send a message to society that striking back at your antagonist purely for revenge will always make matters worse. ? It sends the wrong message: why kill people who kill people to show killing is wrong. Yes, we want to make sure there is accountability for crime and an effective deterrent in place; however, the death penalty has a message of â€Å"You killed one of us, so well kill you”. The state is actually using a murder to punish someone who committed a murder. Does that make sense? Life in prison is a worse punishment and a more effective deterrent. For those of you who dont feel much sympathy for a murderer, keep in mind that death may be too good for them. With a death sentence, the suffering is over in an instant. With life in prison, the pain goes on for decades. Prisoners are confined to a cage and live in an internal surroundings of rape and violence where theyre treated as animals. And consider terrorists. Do you think theyd rather suffer the shame of lifelong prison or be â€Å"martyred” by a death sentence?What would have been a better ending for Osama bin Laden, the bullet that killed him instantly, or a life of humiliation in an American prison (or if he was put through translation to obtain more information). ? Other countries (especially in Europe) would have a more favorable image of America. Its no secret that a nti-Americanism is rampant some the world. One of the reasons is Americas go along use of the death penalty. Were seen as a violent, spiteful nation for such a policy. This is pretty much the same view that Europeans had of America when we continued the practice of slavery long after it had been banned in Europe. Some jury members are reluctant to convict if it means putting someone to death. Many states require any jury members to be polled during the pre-trial examination to be sure they have the stomach to sentence someone to death before theyre allowed to serve. plane if theyre against the death penalty, they still may lie in order to get on the panel. The thought of agreeing to kill someone even influences some jury members to acquit rather than try the death. Some prosecutors may go for a lesser charge rather than force juries into a death-or-acquit choice.Obviously, in all these situations, justice may not be served. ? The prisoners family must suffer from seeing their l oved one put to death by the state, as well as going through the emotionally-draining appeals process. One victims innocent family is obviously forced to suffer from a capital murder, but by enforcing a death sentence, you force another family to suffer. Why double the suffering when we dont have to? ? The possibility exists that innocent men and women may be put to death. There are several put down cases where DNA testing showed that innocent people were put to death by the government.We have an imperfect justice system where poor defendants are given minimal legal attention by a good deal lesser qualified individuals. Some would blame the court system, not that death penalty itself for the problems, but we cant risk mistakes. ? Mentally ill patients may be put to death. Many people are simply born with defects to their brain that cause them to act a certain way. No amount of drugs, schooling, rehabilitation, or positive reinforcement will change them. Is it fair that someone sho uld be murdered just because they were unlucky enough to be born with a brain defect.Although it is technically unconstitutional to put a mentally ill patient to death, the rules can be vague, and you still need to be able to convince a judge and jury that the defendant is in fact, mentally ill. ? It creates sympathy for the monstrous perpetrators of the crimes. Criminals usually are looked down upon by society. People are disgusted by the vile, unconscionable acts they commit and feel tremendous sympathy for the victims of murder, rape, etc. However, the death penalty has a way of shifting sympathy away from the victims and to the criminals themselves.An excellent example is the execution a few years ago of former gang draw â€Å"Tookie” Williams. He was one of the original members of the notorious Crips gang, which has a long legacy of robbery, assault, and murder. This is a man who was convicted with sweep over evidence of the murder of four people, some of whom he shot in the back and then laughed at the sounds they made as they died. This is a man who never even took responsibility for the crimes or apologized to the victims — NOT at one time! These victims had kids and spouses, but instead of sympathy for them, sympathy shifted to Tookie. candlelight vigils were held for him.Websites like savetookie. org sprang up. Protests and a media circus ensued trying to prevent the execution, which eventually did take place — 26 years after the crime itself! There are many cases like this, which make a mockery of the evil crimes these degenerates commit. ? It often draws top talent laywers who will work for little or no cost due to the publicity of the case and their personal beliefs against the morality of the death penalty, increasing the chances a technicality or a manipulated jury will release a guilt person. Top attorneys are world-class manipulators. They know how to report up facts and misdirect thinking.They know how to select juries philanthropic to their side. They know how to find obscure technicalities and use any other means necessary to get their lymph node off without any punishment. Luckily, most criminal defendants cannot allow to hire these top guns; they must make do with a low-paid public defender or some other cheaper attorney. However, a death penalty case changes everything. First of all, a death penalty case almost always garners significant media attention. Lawyers want that exposure, which enhances their holler recognition & reputation for potential future plantiffs and defendants.Second of all, thousands of attorneys have made their personal crusade in life the stomping out of the death penalty. Entire organizations have sprung up to fight death penalty cases, often providing all the funding for a legal defense. For an example, look no further than the Casey Anthony trial, in which a crime syndicate of top attorneys took on a high pen death penalty case and used voir dire and perempt ory challenges to craft one of the stupidest juries on record, who ended up ignoring facts and common sense or release an obviously guilty woman who killed her daughter.After the â€Å"not guilty” verdict was rendered, defense attorneys such as Cheney mason went into long-winded speeches for the media about the evils of the death penalty. ? It is useless in that it doesnt bring the victim back to life. Perhaps the biggest reason to ban the death penalty is that it doesnt change the fact that the victim is gone and will never come back. Hate, revenge, and anger will never cure the amour propre of a lost loved one. Forgiveness is the only way to start the healing process, and this wont happen in a revenge-focused individual. No 1. 2.The death penalty gives closure to the victims families who have suffered so much. Some family members of crime victims may take years or decades to recover from the wallop and loss of a loved one. Some may never recover. One of the things that h elps hasten this recovery is to turn over some kind of closure. Life in prison just means the criminal is still around to haunt the victim. A death sentence brings decisiveness to a horrible chapter in the lives of these family members. 3. It creates another form of crime deterrent. Crime would run rampant as never before if there wasnt some way to deter people from committing the acts.Prison time is an effective deterrent, but with some people, more is needed. Prosecutors should have the option of using a variety of punishments in order to play down crime. 4. Justice is better served. The most fundamental precept of justice is that the punishment should fit the crime. When someone plans and brutally murders another person, doesnt it make sense that the punishment for the perpetrator also be death? 5. Our justice system shows more sympathy for criminals than it does victims. Its time we put the stress of our criminal justice system back on protecting the victim rather than the accused.Remember, a person whos on death row has almost always committed crimes before this. A long line of victims have been waiting for justice. We need justice for reliable and past victims. 6. It provides a deterrent for prisoners already serving a life sentence. What about people already sentenced to life in prison. Whats to stop them from murdering people everlastingly while in prison? What are they going to doâ€extend their sentences? Sure, they can take away some prison privileges, but is this enough of a deterrent to stop the killing? What about a person sentenced to life who happens to escape? Whats to stop him from killing anyone who might ry to bring him in or bound his crime spree? 7. DNA testing and other methods of modern crime scene science can now effectively eliminate almost all uncertainty as to a persons guilt or innocence. One of the biggest arguments against the death penalty is the possibility of error. Sure, we can never completely eliminate all uncerta inty, but nowadays, its about as close as you can get. DNA testing is over 99 percentage effective. And even if DNA testing and other such scientific methods didnt exist, the trial and appeals process is so thorough its next to impossible to convict an innocent person.Remember, a jury of 12 members must unanimously settle down theres not even a reasonable doubt the person is guilty. The number of innocent people that might somehow be convicted is no greater than the number of innocent victims of the murderers who are set free. 8. Prisoner parole or escapes can give criminals another chance to kill. Perhaps the biggest reason to keep the death penalty is to prevent the crime from happening again. The parole system nowadays is a joke. Does it make sense to anyone out-of-door the legal system to have multiple â€Å"life” sentences 20 years or other jiverish?Even if a criminal is sentenced to life without possibility of parole, he still has a chance to kill while in prison, or even worse, escape and go on a crime/murder spree. 9. It contributes to the problem of overpopulation in the prison system. Prisons across the country human face the problem of too many prisoners and not enough space & resources. Each additional prisoner requires a portion of a cell, food, clothing, extra keep an eye on time, and so on. When you eliminate the death penalty as an option, it means that prisoner must be housed for life.Thus, it only adds to the problem of an overcrowded prison system. 10. ————————————————- It gives prosecutors another bargaining chip in the plea bargain process, which is essential in cutting costs in an overcrowded court system. The number of criminal cases that are plea bargained (meaning the accused admits guilt in return for a lesser sentence or some other concession) can be as high as 80 or 90 percent of cases. With the time, cost, and personnel r equirements of a criminal case, there really isnt much of a choice.The vast majority of people that are arraigned are in fact guilty of the crime they are accused. Even if you believe a defendant only deserves life in prison, without the threat of a death sentence, there may be no way to get him to plead guilty and accept the sentence. If a case goes to trial, in addition to the enormous cost, you run the chance that you may lose the case, meaning a violent criminal gets off scot free. The existence of the death penalty gives prosecutors much more flexibility and power to operate just punishments. Introduction\r\n'