Frances and Americas Health Care Systems Comparison

Introduction The America spends around 15% of its GDP on the costs of health care, and this percentage exceeds the OECD’s spending being 8.8% almost twice and the French costs, which constitute 11.2% of its GDP, in 40%. France health care spending is 11% of the national output, matched up to 15% used in America in health issues, such as infant mortality (Skinner Garber, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on France’s and America’s Health Care Systems Comparison specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Health care system in the United States has received a criticism due to the absence of universal medical coverage in contrast to the universal health coverage in France. Since French insurance coverage is basically obligatory, medical expenses are more largely allocated to the whole population. Even though laws in America permit particular kinds of health care offered to the uninsured patien ts, they increase health expenses for the insured; and these greater health care expenses are borne by the people looking for health care instead of society in general. Exclusive of the situation of greatly communicable diseases, the treatment, which offers a huge social advantage, is debatable in regard to an extra earning or income. This paper discusses and compares France and the U.S. health care systems. Health Care System in the United States Health care system in the United States has brought about more polarizing discussion. Some critics state that the U.S. provides the best health care structure in the world due to directly accessible health care technology and high-tech facilities that have been the point of reference in medical care. Others criticize the system of health care in America as being ineffective and uneven due to the point that it spends more money on medical care than any other country, and there are still a lot of uncovered people, managerial waste, and unrel iable quality. Health care providers are mainly owned and controlled by the private operators, and health coverage offered by the government in the public health care system ensures around 62% of the total, and provision is provided by programs, such as Veterans Health Administration, TRICARE, and Medicare (Himmelstein Woolhandler, 2004). Most people under the age of 65 are covered by their employers; some purchase coverage on their own, while others are uncovered.Advertising Looking for critical writing on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the United States, 49.8 million people, 16.2 percent of the population, were uncovered in 2010, which showed an increase from 16 percent in 2009. In line with WHO, the U.S. allocates more on health care per capita, being $7,145; moreover, it raised the figure on health care as ratio of its GDP became 15.1 percent that was greater than of any other country surveyed in 200 9. America was ranked the fourth highest level of public medical care expenditure per capita of $3, 430, following other nations with higher level of health care spending per capital, which were Monaco, Norway, and Luxembourg. In 2009, research in five states reported that health care debt made up to 46.2 percent of entire individual bankruptcies. In 2010, 62.2 percent of filers for bankruptcies declared an increased health care spending. Since then, medical expenses and the number of uncovered and underinsured became greater than before. Government Implication In 2010, President Obama passed a law, The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, which supported phased implementation over four years of an inclusive arrangement of authorized health coverage with reforms intended to remove different undesirable activities of the insurance providers. These activities address the areas, such as yearly and life coverage gaps, premium loadings, and necessary screening. It also establishes a least ratio of direct health care expenditure to premium income, and price competition strengthened by the formation of three standard insurance coverage stages, to allow open assessment by end users, and online health coverage services that enable consumers to assess prices and other service plans. Health care system offers subsidy to allow the low income earners to purchase insurance and conserve private health facilities and private insurance. The law enacted by President Obama includes provision related to the health care that is to be executed over seven years, and extending Medicaid eligibility for the public translating to 135 percent of the FDL (Federal Poverty Level), offering incentives to firms to allow medical benefits, forbidding refusal of coverage and denial of claims derived from the present situations. This law also creates health care insurance exchanges and supports subsidization of coverage premiums for the public, representing 400 percent of the Federal Pover ty Level in order for their highest spending for yearly premiums to descend from 2% to 10% of earnings (Skinner Garber, 2008). It also disallows the insurers from instituting annual insurance or coverage caps and focuses more on the establishment of medical research. Commencing in 2014, the law will disallow insurers to refuse insurance to sick candidates, or demand certain conditions, for instance, advanced payments or premiums. The 2010 Acts entail coverage providers to cover more expenses, requiring that not less than 80% of premiums should be used in health care or ‘quality upgrading’ and complete medical coverage for immunizations and screenings through disallowing annual and lifetime caps that provide uneven distribution. Pros and Cons Medical researches in the United States, which are carried out in some institutions, such as Cleveland Clinic, the Mayo Clinic, and Harvard Medical School, are among the best in the world, and well-known due to the developments the y do in medicine, mainly, because of the latest free-market structure.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on France’s and America’s Health Care Systems Comparison specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For the people with employment and great benefits, or those who can pay for it, various American insurance programs are ranked among the best programs in the globe. Another benefit of the latest American medical care program is that taxpayers are not responsible for the cost related to giving health care insurance to all the people (Skinner Garber, 2008). Medical care expenses in the United States are more than in any country all over the globe, and its system where every person should be covered just serves to raise these expenses at the cost of the taxpayers. Most people assert that tax contributions would carry funds away from national security and education to finance newly established medical ca re system. The noticeable drawback of the health care system in the United States is that though the taxpayers have used more of their income in the American health care, most researches report that Americans have not become healthier than people in other countries that spend less on health care than the US. There is huge amount of money used in American health care, and the government pays out more of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on medical system than any other nation. In 2008, the United States allocated almost 15% of its total GDP on health care (Skinner Garber, 2008). Another noticeable drawback of the health care system is that most people are either underinsured or uninsured, and the United States Census Bureau reported that in 2003, 65% of people were insured by health insurance controlled by the government while 15% of the population were uninsured. Health Care System in France The French government offers some series of varied and all-inclusive health care programs. F or over 95% of the people, health care is either completely free or fully compensated (Sà ¡nchez-Serrano, 2011, p. 30). The people also have the privilege to select among health care facilities, irrespective of their earning levels. Additionally, the waiting lists for surgeries, just like in the United States, are not found in France health care system. Medical care coverage in France is a section of the Social Security structure which is financed by income of the employees (60% of the accounts), imposed taxes from tobacco and alcohol, and payment provided by the revenue related to earning that composes capital revenues and retirement pensions.Advertising Looking for critical writing on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Apparently, it seems that medical insurances repay health care facilities more in the United States than in France. However, above 80% of French citizens have supplemental medical coverage, usually offered by their employers. Government Implications In the mid 2001, a law was enacted by the government enabling the health care system to offer more support to people in need in their every day tasks. In March 2002, the government also enacted a policy creating reimbursement for every accident related to health issue, regardless whether it is their own fault or not. These new policies were added to the previous confirmed policies, such as reimbursement rights in instances of illness prevention or pregnancy, health costs for employees and students, organized screening of particular disorder, and family planning. The ‘2012 Hospital Plan’ allocated with  £10 million is to allow the implementation of fresh investments with some major concerns, such as the reinforcing compleme ntarities among health care providers situated in certain area, the improvement of security system, and the automation of health care system (Sà ¡nchez-Serrano, 2011, p. 30). In 2002, a law passed by the government addressed the rights of the patients on pain relief, in line with reimbursement for severe medical accidents, patient consent, availability of communication to the patient, and dignity of the patient. Pros and Cons People benefit from the ability to choose personal medical providers or doctors, and patients with long-term disorders or illnesses are allocated with more funds or 100 percent medical insurance coverage. The less income earners are provided with universal healthcare that is funded by taxes. Moreover, the medical expenses for the people suffering from the long-term illness are fully compensated, and they can confer with different practitioners or select university, private, public, general, or private health care providers. Health care systems have a loose edi tion of universal health care, denoting that the government made a controlled system that enabled medical care facilities and insurance providers to insure everybody (Sà ¡nchez-Serrano, 2011, p. 30). Health care system in France also allows more funds to be used in medical costs due to the structure where the patients need to consult the doctor first, which adds more expenses. Comparison of Health Care Systems France health care spending of 11 percent of the national output is lower as compared to 15% used in America in health issues, such as infant mortality. Health care systems of both France and the U.S. allow patients to have different selections when looking for medical care or providers (Budrys, 2011, p. 135). In France, patients commonly get interventions directly from a professional or consultant, while in the United States, the expansion of HMO signifies that most patients should receive the consent of a ‘primary care physician’ before looking for specific int erventions. The U.S. system can be annoying to patients, but also preserve the spending directed to health care costs when the primary care physician considers it unimportant. Like France, America provides both the public and the private insurers, and the issue that especially concerns the system of the United States is the control of the private component over the public one. In France, being jobless signifies reduced tax funds going into Assurance Maladie’s treasury, but in the U.S., it means that a person may lose his or her coverage (Budrys, 2011, p. 135). In France, regulation also limits the medical coverage providers from appropriately pooling policies and reforms by risk group, which increases medical coverage premiums in general. Medical systems normally take advantage of reduced regulation and an inclination towards a medical arrangement where insurance assumes to a function of offering for dependent and upsetting health care emergencies among groups for which the p ossibility for these incidences is roughly the same. In the U.S. health care system, reforming the way in which practitioners and other providers are salaried is an essential aspect in providing system transition, especially, in the common payment system, and generates incentives to offer extra services, instead of improved and high-value approaches to care for conditions. Conclusion Health care systems in France and America undergo more expenses caused by the application of medical coverage for regular medical care where the key receiver does not receive the full cost of the health care. It appears that the U.S. spends more funds in health care system than any other country in the world, including France. Different measures and reforms are needed in both systems to provide satisfying services and regulate amount of the funds allocated to these systems. References Budrys, G. (2011). Our Unsystematic Health Care System. Plymouth: Rowman Littlefield. Himmelstein, D., Woolhandler, S. (2004). Administrative waste in the U.S. International Journal of Health Services, 34(1): 79–86. Sà ¡nchez-Serrano, I. (2011). The World’s Health Care Crisis. Paris: Elsevier. Skinner, J., Garber, A. (2008). Is American Health Care Uniquely Inefficient? Journal of Economic Perspectives, 22(4): 34-56. This critical writing on France’s and America’s Health Care Systems Comparison was written and submitted by user Gabriella Becker to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Complete Guide to the Princeton Supplement

The Complete Guide to the Princeton Supplement SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Got your heart set on Princeton- the #1 ranked university in the US? Then you’ll need to learn how to write amazing Princeton essays for your Princeton Supplement, a key part of your application for admission. In this detailed guide, we go over the different types of essays you’ll be required to write for your Princeton application and provide you with some expert tips on how to write your most effective and unique essay possible.

Film & Gender Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Film & Gender - Movie Review Example It inspires the students to critically reflect on the social, cultural as well as political matters. This paper tries to address the issue of gender which is a big concern in the present times throughout the globe. Presented below is a review of the well known short documentary movie The Codes of Gender:Â  Identity and Performance in Popular Culture. The documentary has been written, directed and produced by Sut Jhally, founder of the Media Education Foundation (MEF). The central idea conveyed through this film is that the gender identity we maintain throughout our lives is imparted to us by the society we live in. The film is a riff to the book Gender Advertisement written by Erving Goffman. It presents a critical analysis of the gender issue in media. Media is one of the most prominent forms of America’s popular culture. Jhally has argued that advertisement over the media does not only promote sales of products. Advertisement is a medium that helps in spreading ideas rapidl y and widely. The commercial culture of America is making use of gender representations that are quite reactionary in nature. The movie looks beyond the conventional concept of gender that focuses on the physical and biological features that a human is born with. According to the communication scholar, Sut Jhally, a sense of identity is developed on the basis of the physical trait that the particular person possesses. The gender identity and hence the roles and codes of conduct is assigned to the person by the external society. Gender identity is therefore not a natural phenomenon. The gender ideals represent a remarkable pattern of masculinity and femininity, their display and postures. The society has established itself on a two-tiered terrain that recognizes two separate identities of the human existence. The identity of each defines their mutual relationship and access to power. The Codes of Gender provides an important insight into the social framework catering to masculinity a nd femininity. The cultural norms act as superior guidance to any human being as he or she grows and adapts in the society’s dictum. The codes and conventions govern our senses about what we think to be normal for a particular gender and what should be the judicious behavior by a male and a female. These conventions are normalized in the sense that we have been taught to stand up on this system as our base. Hence these rules do not seem to be visible to us. They lie deep inside our senses and affect every decision we make. Advertisement is making a massive use of these codes of gender. The movie makes an analysis of the ways and extent to which gender is being portrayed for advertisement purposes. The relationships and differences between the codes attributed to each of the two genders are exclusively made use of in advertisements. One can figure it out if she tries to think of any advertisement and interchange the male or female figure with the other counterpart. The portray al of the figures is made consciously vivid and elaborate as a part of marketing strategy. The suggestive sexual poses, catalogue of different body postures and other physical cues are all aimed at employing the body as text in advertisement for the audience to read. The bold images of femininity and female empowerment shown in the advertisements are merely a wrapper on the same old rituals of female subordination. While

CASE STUDY - AMAZON Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

- AMAZON - Case Study Example The featured organization remained engaged in selling DVDs, CDs, VHS cassettes and a lot of electronics before it can actually became capable of developing and commercializing Kindle Fire tablet. The introduction of Kindle acted like a lucky charm for the retailer and things initiated to look improved ever since the product was launched in the year of 2011 whereas, its predecessor Kindle e-book Reader was launched in 2007. The improved version of the formerly mentioned product was released in 2012 (History & Timeline, 2014). The company produces products by outsourcing their manufacturing to countries that can produce them cheaply. The apparels are made in Sri Lanka and Bangladesh. The technological products are either made in China or US. The products are distributed through chain of warehouses, fulfillment centers and third party distributors (Kucera, 2014). Jeff Bezos had incorporated Amazon.com as an organization in July 1994 and the website was made available for customer use in 1995 after intensive tests and beta version releases. However, the concept worked and worked great indeed. The initial name of the company was Cadabra and it was replaced with Amazon after getting inspired with the title of Amazon River which is one of the most spacious water masses located on the face of the Earth. The Amazons is a term that was used to refer to great nation of female warriors known to exist in the traditional Greek mythology. Amazon managed to vend its subsidiary websites to England, America, France, Canada, Italy, Germany, Spain, Australia, Brazil, Japan, China, India and last but not the least Mexico. In 2011, the company was in plans to launch its websites in Poland, Netherlands and Sweden. Jeff Bezos did not engage in internet business in the period of early development of the industry but he made up for his misgivings in this regard an d introduced Amazon in 1994. Amazon as a

Chinese Consumer's Perseption of B2C and C2C for E-Commerce Abstract Dissertation

Chinese Consumer's Perseption of B2C and C2C for E-Commerce Abstract - Dissertation Example The research uses both literature review and quantitative empirical research to arrive at the findings. A convenience sample of 55 customers is chosen from among the friends and acquaintances of the researcher and an online survey is employed. The results are tabulated and analysed using the literature review. It is found that customers prefer to use the C2C models over B2C models, even though they are ready to trust the B2C models more in terms of product quality, after sales service and customer care. The reason for conducting shopping using C2C sites is their low costs and larger variety of products availability. It is however expected that in the near future, due to the greater trustworthiness of the B2C sites, there may be a change in customer behaviour and shift in preference from C2C to B2C model. Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Research Background and Overview 1.2 Research Questions 1.3 Research Aims and Objectives 1.4 Research Methods 1.5 Research Significance 1.6 Outline of Dissertation Chapters 1.7 Summary Chapter 2: Literature Review 2.1 Introduction 2.2 B2C and C2C Models – An Overview 2.3 Overview of B2B and B2C online markets in China 2.4 Factors that impact online shopping consumer behavior 2.5 Factors that can impact on the effectiveness of an online shopping company 2.6 Comparison between Taobao and Amazon in China 2.7 Summary Chapter 3: Research Methodology 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Research Approach 3.3 Research Methods 3.4 Research Design 3.4.1 Sample Sample Unit Sample Size Sample Selection Method 3.4.2 Data Collection Instrument: Survey Questionnaire (Appendix A) 3.4.3 Data Analysis Method 3.5 Research Validity and Reliability 3.6 Ethical Considerations 3.7 Summary Chapter 4: Research Findings and Discussions 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Descriptive Statistics 4.3 Summary Chapter 5: Conclusions and Implications 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Summary of Research Findings 5.3 Research Implications 5.4 Research Limitations and Scope for Future Research List of Tables Table 1: Gender of the Participants Table 2: Age of the Participants Table 3: Personal Online Shopping Behaviour Table 4: Reasons for Not Shopping Online Table 5: Customers’ Preference of Online Shopping Model Table 6: Customer’s past usage of online shopping sites Table 7: Customers’ Perception of Trust of Different Models of Shopping Websites Table 8: Factors Impacting Perception of Customers Regarding Online Shopping Sites Table 8a: Important Factors that Impact Customer Perceptions Regarding Online Shopping Websites Table 9: Factors that Negatively Impact Customers’ Perceptions Table 9a: Factors that Create Customer Dissatisfaction with Online Shopping Sites Table 10: Comparison of B2C and C2C Sites on Factors that Impact Customers’ Perceptions Table 11: Customers’ Intentions to Recommend Online Shopping Sites List of Appendices Appendix A: Research Questionnaire Appendix B: Research Responses References Chinese Consumer’s perception of B2C and C2C for E-Commerce Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Research Background and Overview With the opening up of the Chinese economy and the liberalization reforms, there has also been an exponential growth in penetration of the mass media and communications technology across China (Eisingerich and Kretschmer, 2008). The modernization of the economy and the development of the Chinese cities in the recent past also brought about a change in the lifestyles of the people (Shi and Zhang, 2009). There is found to be a rapid growth in the

Effects of technology in todays business world

Effects of technology in todays business world Thanks to the digital revolution, the present business world has entered a new millennium of connectivity, networking and marketing. Now the business world is much more developed and advanced and innovation of new electronic machines and digital networks has made this possible. Technology is now mixed up with every aspect of life and has brought up a revolutionary change in the marketing process. Customers can get their job done by hiring the perfect product in a greater comfort with ease. Old marketing practice needs to be carried out along with technological merge to adopt with the changing market environment. Old business perspective has been changed by the entrance of advanced networking and information technology. Business as well as marketing becomes more dynamic and effective when peer-to-peer (P2P) relationship is firmly established and henceforth intranet and extranet are there to keep the people and companies to connected with each other. People can now be connected with the vast and endlessly growing information repository using internet. Wireless technology has further enhanced the connectivity. Todays economy is standing upon the basis of technological advancement and connectivity. The economy is backed by information system. Information can be accessed, updated, modified, personalized and dispatched via internet very fast. With the help of the information about countless gathered through technical tools, softwares and using networks, marketers can offer now more new individualized products or can update the preceding ones accordingly. For example, a company, named Dell Computers offers the customers to tell them their need-specification about computer components and delivers them a manually configured one within a very short time. By doing so, they are also able to communicate with their customer one to one and build up a strong relationship with them. Changes in Business practice: The changes in technology and economy are bringing out a new set of customs, beliefs, cultures as well as practices on the part of business firms. Such as, Marketing groups are being formed to address the needs of different customer groups. This means a switch from being product-centered to being customer-segment centered. Companies are adding a focus on estimating individual customer lifetime value and offering them the products, designed according to the idea extracted from the evaluation of individuals preferences to make a good profit out of it. Companies now pay concentration on marketing scorecard with a view to interpreting what is happening to their market share, their rate of customer loss, satisfaction of consumer, quality of product relative to competitors and other measures. Since the late David Packard of Hewlett-Packard observed, Marketing is far too important to leave to the marketing department. Each employee has an effect on the customers and should value the clients as the resource of the companys prosperity. To build a purpose brand, companies are now relying more upon performance rather than advertising. New economy companies put much emphasis on customer retention than on customer acquisition. An increasing number of companies are making customer satisfaction a major priority. In short, todays market place is made for traditional consumers (those who do not purchase online), cyber consumers (who purchase online), and hybrid consumers (who performs the same). Hence most companies will need a presence for these offline and online to supply to these hybrid honorable consumers. Organizations need to rethink and revise their overall company strategy and within that, their marketing strategy. Ecommerce: According to Patricia Seybold, a management consultant, e-business is the sign of the opportunity and customer service will be its banner. Those who dont pay attention to the value of e-commerce in lasting the business world will be seriously exaggerated, and those who misjudge the importance of it will perish. Technological revolution of the marketplace has allowed a greater change and customization of the products, services and promotional messages than older marketing tools. It has helped the retailers to build up and maintain a good relationship with the consumers. Conducting commercial transaction via EDI was the first step to use technology in marketplace. Every now and then new technologies come along and replace the relatively older one or combining with it, create a new dimension and paves the way to new possibilities. Competition drives new technology and vice versa. E-commerce is a successively progressing and developing sector. It has added a new dimension in the marketplace to meet the consumers ever-changing demands. It makes the consumers way of shopping and buying much easier and consumers from any remote place can easily access the site, choose their things and begin shopping. Due to comfort and easiness, it has become an integral part of daily lives for some consumers. Moreover, for some products, online purchasing is more suitable. Online sellers can trade non-digital goods successfully and could make a good profit out of it. These products may include embarrassing objects or may be ordered from remote places. Every now and then market researches and surveys are conducted thoroughly by collecting consumers information observing their actions. A point-of-sales system provides information to stores which helps greatly in assuming buyer needs and achieving the goals. Technology gives the consumers ability to research on the products they cherish to buy. With this new technology, they have the power they never had before- the power to review and recheck the products endlessly along with videos and demos and to compare prices from thousands of other vendors within a very short time. Vendors also take advantage of the e-commerce since it doesnt need any live salesman and s/he can keep it open for business purpose 24/7 hours. Additionally, even retailers with small capital can establish an international or global reach with a simple website. For instance, local and national market in many countries conduct their business up to night but an online shop like e-bay is open 24/7 hours and people can visit and shop here at any time. E-business has made the international business door open to all. Internet has changed the way of business through targeted advertising. Companies can direct certain consumers/customers to their business site specifying some keywords and all these are possible by using Google. As for example, Amazon.com is sponsored by Google and therefore people, searching for buying products, will be redirected to that site. Despite the importance, flexibility and potentiality of the e-commerce and e-business, people have taken more time to adopt with this new environment than expected. Of many reasons behind this fact, accessibility and availability are the major key concern. Though it might be accessed from remote places, yet its accessibility and availability are extremely lows in the poor, under-developed and developing countries. There are also transaction and delivery problems. Security concern comes to mind whenever people go for any money-costing occasion like shopping and buying over internet. We frequently see such news of online bankrupting due to either security failure or virus attack in various renowned organizations and thats enough to scare off the people and awaken their fear of insecurity. As such many consumers hold back their shopping or buying, even after having good impression on the product, just thinking about the safety of the money. They feel awkward to use the credit card due t o concern about theft and fraud. Mostly marketers are unwilling to look through the eyes of the customer rather they look through their viewpoint and try to know their customers deeds instead of their needs and wants. When marketers tailor a product to meet the need of typically defined consumers from a geographic segment, it is uncertain whether the individual will buy the product or not. It only expresses the probability of purchasing. New products need to be introduced and developed for sure and marketers are too good at it but it is useless to consumers if it can not meet their demands. Lack of instant gratifying reaction on behalf of vendors often decreases the buyer number and amount of visitors. Even social status of the consumer and the social aspect of online and offline shopping influences the consumers profoundly. Many consumers prefer talking to salesman about the staff or to their cohorts for real which are not quite the same in online auction. Steps need to be taken to implement the market segmentation in the market place effectively to avoid the downturn. Failing to understand certain consequences will eventually lead to that situation. One of them is the failure to understand the customers. Failing to do so will hurt the consumers feeling and push back the potential customers. Products need to be improved but if one fails to realize the competitive situation and is unable to predict environmental reaction, the market share will surely fall down and it will raise problems in future. Thats what happened to the polythene industry in Bangladesh. Polythene bag was very much used and produced amply but suddenly awareness against global warming and environmental pollution was awakened in peoples mind and people started to rise against using polythene bag and eventually polythene industry came to halt. Both over-estimation of resource competence and under-estimation of time requirements are detrimental to marketing plan. Improper co-ordination, inability to follow a plan and inadequacy of e-valiability will downturn the market. Failure to obtain senior management and employee commitment is another key source. Customers demands have increased profoundly along with the entrance of new technology in the marketing over the years. Consumers intend to get it available all the time and if they dont, even for once, they will go for alternatives. So to grab the attraction of the consumer and retain it, availability of the products must be ensured. There are also quality and business to business (B2B) relation issues. To keep pace and compete with others, quality of products has to be ensured along with the consumer service. Otherwise, retailers will lose their share. RED could be findings .

Attention Deficit Disorder Essay -- essays research papers

Attention Deficit Disorder Approximately 3-5% of all American children have an Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). ADD is a leading cause of school failure and under-achievement. ADD characteristics often arise in early childhood. As many as 50% of children with ADD are never diagnosed. Boys significantly outnumber girls, though girls are more likely to be undiagnosed with ADD. "ADD is not an attention disorder, but a disorder of impulse control ( Seminar notes Barkeley) ." Characteristics of Attention Deficit Disorder can include : Fidgeting with hands or feet , difficulty remaining seated, awaiting turns in games, following through on instructions , shifting from one uncompleted task to another, difficulty playing quietly, interrupting conversations and intruding into other children's games, appearing to be not listening to what is being said, doing things that are dangerous without thinking about the consequences. Most scientist now believe that a brain dysfunction or abnormality in brain chemistry could be to blame for the symptoms of Attention Deficit Disorder. The frontal lobes of the brain are thought to be most responsible for the regulation of behavior and attention. They receive information from the lower brain, which regulated arousal and screens incoming messages from within and outside of the body. The limbic system , a group of related nervous system structures located in the midbrain and linked to emotions and feelings, also sends messages to the frontal lobes. Finally, the frontal lobes are suspected to be the site of working memory, the place where information about the immediate environment is considered for memory storage, planning, and future-directed behavior. Scientist believe the activity in the frontal lobes is depressed in people with ADD. Studies show a decrease in the ability of the ADD brain to use glucose, the body's main source of energy, leading to slower and less efficient activity. Neurotransmitters provide the connection between one nerve cell and another. In essence, neurotransmitters allow electrical impulses to pass across synapses from one neuron to another. It is now suspected that people with Attention Deficit Disorder have a chemical imbalance of a class of neurotransmitters called ... ... important and effective interventions for a child with ADD. Effective training will teach parents how to apply strategies to manage their child's behavior and improve their relationship with their child. Without consistent structure and clearly defined expectations and limits, children with ADD can become quite confused about the behaviors that are expected of them. Making and keeping friends is a difficult task for children with ADD. A variety of behavioral excesses and deficits common to these children get in the way of friendships. They may talk too much, dominate activities, intrude in others' games, or quit a game before its done. They may be unable to pay attention to what another child is saying, not respond when someone else tries to initiate and activity, or exhibit inappropriate behavior. I decided to write my research paper on Attention Deficit Disorder because my four-year old step-brother has recently been diagnosed with the disorder. I hope that my relationship with my brother can become closer now that I have a better understanding of what he is suffering from.

Based on George Parks

Based on George Parks (2007) December article for Correction Today, the application of Relapse Prevention Therapy (RPT) as a primary cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in corrections and recidivism . He recognizes that RP affords the implementation of evidenced based interventions in corrections but requires further refinement if it is to be expanded from its current application in offender programming. This would require further testing of RP programs and more importantly, a philosophical shift in criminal programs for the effectiveness of rehabilitation and social reintegration. Criminality is an issue that is continuing concern of any society. Considering the evidence suggesting the increase in repeat offenders and the degree of their crime, the demand to develop effective recidivism programs is well justified. Parks (2007) discusses RPT clearly and provides significant information regarding its application prevailing principles and practices in its application. However, though his discussion on the impact of RPT and related CBT based interventions, he does not provide statistical or actual performance evidence. Though this does not imply that his opinion is less valid, the urgency and importance of the issue would have been better communicated with the presentation of such data. Parks himself recognizes the need for new perspectives and insights to the issue of not only corrections and recidivism but also corrections and social support for offenders. There have been a numbers of suggestions to address the issue including the contradictions to RPT such as the increase in punitive measures for offenders. In the case of restorative justice programs, there has been a similar increase in the support for their application but there has been hesitation on their full implementation because of perceived risks and the management participation on inmates. RPT has an advantage over other perspectives since there is already substantial evidence of its effectivity and relatively has lower risks since people involved in the interventions are limited to offenders’ corrections and parole officers. The research’s orientation reflects a psychological perspective as evidenced by the focus on CBT approaches. It should be noted that orientation does not exclude other orientations, as it is apparent form Park’s discussion that he recognizes the value of various perspectives in the development of recidivism programs. For example, he sites that crime cycles should be studied based on the conditions that create offense scenarios which include social, political and criminological perspectives or orientations. The theoretical framework utilized by Park combines sociology and psychology. The latter is apparent in the programs the areas of correction he sees the potential for the application for RPT. This puts an emphasis on psychological strategies, indicated by his recommendation of CBT and CBT-based programs including RPT as well as Helen Annis’s structured relapse prevention (SRP). However, the actual intervention proposed utilizes sociological frameworks for implementation. He believes that there is significant change that offenders will be able to reform if they are able to learn the impact of their actions, their responsibility for it and the need for criminal justice programs to apply penalties for those who offend them. Park’s orientation also indicates his support for sociogenic collaborative programs in corrections and criminal recidivism. Park’s theoretical perspective and research orientation are consistent with each other. Like any other author or researcher, his research orientation is based on the theoretical perspective he employs in developing the study. Thus, the assumption that the researcher employs for the research are reflected in the orientation of the study, the way the collaborations for the program are constructed or are to operate and the determination of the desired outcomes of the programs. In the same way, an insight to the theoretical perspective of the author allows credible estimates to how the research will approach he subject matter. The literature review completed by Park and his opinion of them reflect his theoretical perspective and research orientation. In particular, his citation of the works of Annis, David Wexler, James McGuire, John A. Cunningham , Edward Zamble and of course the proponent of RPT, G. Alan Marlatts. Though Park does not make any distinct or overt contrary position against any research mentioned or otherwise in his studies, he constantly reiterates his belief of the need for further studies before extensive application of RPT can be done. One point he points out is the lack of large-scale cohort studies to support the intensified application of RPT in recidivism. As previously mentioned, one of the limitations of park’s study is the lack of quantitative data. Though considering the extent of the assessment he made of the existing literature, there is sufficient corroboration for the regard he has for RPT, CBT-based programs and the existing researches for the subject. Park’s analysis of the research and its related issues and concerns reflects his own extensive research and interest in the issue. His insights and conclusions are not surprising because similar conclusions about corrections, rehabilitation and recidivism are reflected in other researches. However, unlike some opinions on the issue, Park believes that offenders should be given allow the opportunities for rehabilitation and reintegration. His sentiment is not just for humanitarian reasons but also recognized that the success of such interventions will reduce demands for correction facilities and programs. Written for popular readership, the research is quiet effective in delivering the need for correction and rehabilitation programs for offenders that will allow them to become productive and law-abiding members of society. Considering this, then Park’s avoidance of statistical or technical terms in RPT or CBT may be deliberate so as not to overwhelm his audience. Furthermore, this supports his objective of communicating the issue as social concern that needs collaborations of various social institutions as well as the public. The construction of Park’s arguments first highlights the significance of RPT in criminal justice systems then reflects the importance of the issue in society and among individual members of it. He points out that the objective of any criminal justice system is should go beyond apprehending and punishing offenders and extends to efforts that offenders are able to reform and become productive members of society. He then enumerates the requirements for the development of RPT programs that support these objectives and the insights that can be developed from existing research. In this article, Park contributes to readers’ understanding of the developing issue in corrections and recidivism, the perspective or researches being developed regarding it, and the potential of utilizing CBT-based interventions such as RPT. It highlights the need to review the relevance of programs and to streamline strategies to maximize the resources of criminal justice programs. There is also the realization of the increasing emphasis in rehabilitation of offenders instead of punitive measures which in turn reflects changes in social perspectives on criminality and corrections management. Park’s research is to be commended in its effort to reach a wider audience for an issue that has often been considered as a concern exclusively to the criminal justice field. Furthermore, his emphasis on the development of research, testing and collaborative programs lend a strong foundation as well as frameworks for the development of programs and interventions. The issue of recidivism, crime and rehabilitation is presented as in issue that affects all member of society not only offenders or their victims. In conclusion, Park’s work should be considered as an important foundation for further researchers on the topic and provides ample foundation for the analysis and development of RPT applications in criminal justice programs. REFERENCE Parks, George A. (2007). New approaches to using relapse prevention therapy in the criminal justice system. Corrections Today 69(6) December: 46(4)

My Favorite Qubcois Canadian French Expressions

My Favorite Qubcois Canadian French Expressions As Quebec French language is very rich and full of nuances, it is difficult to choose a few representative phrases. Nevertheless, after much debate, this is my top list. These expressions are difficult to translate, so make sure you read the example to really get the meaning. I also added the French from France equivalent whenever I could. Enjoy! Michel is French and Canadian. He lives in the gorgeous island of Belle-Isle in Brittany where he offers  French immersion. He also taught at McGill in Montreal where he also spends a few months each year. 1 -  Avoir de la misà ¨reJ’ai ben d’la misà ¨re jouer au tennisLiteral translation: I have a lot of misery playing tennisIt means: I’ve got difficulty playing tennis.â€Å"Ben† comes from bien and means â€Å"beaucoup†, a lot of.In â€Å"franà §ais de France†, one would say : j’ai du mal jouer au tennis. 2 -  Avoir son voyageJ’ai mon voyage! Literal translation: I’ve got my trip, I have traveled.It indicates that you are surprised, or that you are fed up.In franà §ais de France, one would say : à §a alors! (to indicate surprise) Or j’en ai marre ! (to say youre fed up). 3 -  Le boss des bà ©cossesIl se prend pour le boss des bà ©cosses. Literal translation: he thinks he is the toilets boss.One would say that about someone who wants to lead a group of people who do not want any leader. Les bà ©cosses, a familiar feminine plural word, comes from the English word back-house and means toilets. 4 - C’est l’fonne!C’est ben l’fonne It’s really fun. See the Quà ©bà ©cois transformation of the English word fun into fonne, the word that doesnt exist at all in French from France. Note however that Canadian use both spellings, fun (more common) or fonne.The opposite phrase would be: c’est platte. It literally means it is flat (from the literal translation plat, but put in a Quà ©bà ©cois way...) but really means it is dull. Continues on page 2 Continued from Page 1 5 - En titiIl est riche en titi.It means he is very rich, so en titi means very.The origin of this adverbial phrase is unknown. 6 - Être aux oiseauxQuand il à ©coute de la musique, il est aux oiseauxWhen he listens to music, he belongs to birdsIt means to be very happy, ecstatic.In French from France,  one would say aux anges (with the angels). 7 - Ya du monde la messeQuand ya des soldes, ya du monde la messe.When there are sales, there are people for Mass.It means its crowded. Note the common street French way to say (sometimes even write ya instead of il-y-a. This is true for both Canadian and French from France French)In French from France, one would say il y a foule. I will be adding more expressions soon, so be informed of new articles, make sure you subscribe to my newsletter (its easy, you just enter your email address - look for it its somewhere on the French language homepage) or follow me on my social network pages below. I post exclusive mini lessons, tips, pictures and more daily on my Facebook, Twitter and Pinterest pages - so press the links below - talk to you there! https://www.facebook.com/frenchtoday https://twitter.com/frenchToday https://www.pinterest.com/frenchtoday/ More articles I wrote about Canadian French: - Dialogue in French Canadian ≠  Franà §ais de France English translation- My favorite French Canadian Expressions- 7 Best French Canadian Idioms- Love in Quà ©bà ©cois French

Karma And Samsara Essays - Shabda, Reincarnation, Karma In Hinduism

Karma And Samsara Essays - Shabda, Reincarnation, Karma In Hinduism Karma And Samsara The belief in Karma and Samsara form the basis for the Hindus religious worldview. It has been central to Hinduism for thousands of years, and as a result forms a major part in the philosophical thinking of many Hindus today. The ideas of Karma and Samsara are evident in almost all of the great Hindu scriptures, being touched on in the Vedas, but first properly introduced in the Upanishads. When the idea of Samsara was first introduced it led to a quest for liberation through the practice of austerity or meditation or both. To be released form this life the Hindus needed to wipe out the effects of their past actions or Karma. It is this set of beliefs that formed the background of many of Hindus religious movements and beliefs. Karma is the belief according to which a persons future life is determined by past and present actions. Every action, bodily, intellectual or ethical, good or bad, big or small will have its effect. Nothing other than the effects of earlier actions has determined the present state of affairs and nothing other than the present actions will determine the future circumstances. The law of Karma allows no room for chance or divine intervention as everything is inevitably determined by it. The Brhardaranyaka Upanisad simply sates By good actions one becomes good, by bad actions one becomes bad(4.4.5) (Koller 1982: 59). Intertwined with belief in Karma is the idea of Samsara, which is the cycle of repeated births and deaths that subjects an individual not merely to one death but to innumerable deaths (Koller 1982:9). Hindus believe that as a person dies the Atman (the unconscious, immaterial part of a human) carries the results of their good and bad actions (Karma) into their next existence. This previous Karma will determine what sort of position a Hindu will occupy in their new existence, for example, if a person in a low caste has been very good in their past existence they will be born into a higher caste in their next life. The ideas of Karma and Samsara have justified the unequal Caste system, which has been an integral part of Indian society for hundreds of years. At the time of the Rig Veda (the earliest Hindu scriptures around 1000 B.C.E) (Smart 1989: 60) the key concepts of Karma and Samsara had not actually been stated. However, it does mention that a persons conduct in this world determines his life after death. The brahmins (the religious leaders) stressed the importance of the sacred act of sacrificing which was supposed to have a bearing on mans fate in the next world, and consequently the Satapatha Brahmana 11.1.8,6, states that the Sacrifice becomes the self of the sacrificer in the next world(Stutley 1985: 23). So, even at this early stage of Hinduism, the idea of Karma played an important role in the Hindus worldview. It was not until the Upanishads (the principal ones dating from 800-400B.C.E) (Smart 1989:49) that we first meet with the doctrines of Karma and Samsara. The Upanishads are concerned essentially with the meaning of the sacrificial rites, and come to the conclusion that knowledge in the true reality is the key rather than expertise in rituals like the Rig Vedas were. In the process they introduce profound metaphysical and religious ideas, such as Karma and Samsara. The Chandogya Upanisad sums up the ideas of Karma and Samsara those who are of pleasant conduct here the prospect is indeed that they will enter a pleasant womb, either the womb of a Kshatriya or the womb of a Vaisya (high Indian Castes). But those who are of a striking conduct here the prospect is indeed, that, they will enter the womb of a dog, or the womb of a swine, or the womb of an outcast(Lipner 1994: 45). The central concept in the Upanishads is that of Brahman. Brahman is the highest truth, the eternal being on which all other beings depend on. Brahman is the same as the atman, in other words, that ultimate being out there, is the same as that eternal something within you. The goal for many Hindus became at this time to gain Moksha (release from Samsara) which

Change theory Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Change theory - Assignment Example As such, people have to be made aware of the proposed changes and benefits and develop higher efficiency in them through motivation and in-depth understanding of the situation. Exchange of information and communication forms the key component of nursing and patient care. Bedside handovers constitute an essential part of this process whereby nurses provide relevant and latest patient information and health data to other nurses resuming the second or the third shift. Traditionally, bedside handovers comprised majorly of in-charge nurses providing the details. However, it lacked individualized care, psychosocial components of nursing and in a way; two-way interaction was absent (Chaboyer et al. 2009). Another shortcoming is the requirement of in-charge nurse to be present to handover the clinical details to the resuming nurse. But sometimes, it leads to irrelevant and outdated details which cause dissatisfaction among patients that they are not being properly taken care of. Further, information was not available to others involved who might need it any time and can have access even without the presence of the nurse in-charge. This calls for a change in the practice of bedside handovers whereby the way of reporting and communicating patient clinical information has to be addressed (Chaboyer et al. 2009). Apart from verbal information, it will take into account other modes which can deliver information on the current status of patients, better bed side reporting techniques and more personalized attention to the patients (Appendix 1). Various theories are applied to various planned changes. However, all change theories are not standard fit that can be applied on every project. As for this case, the need for change has been recognized by the management which has to be communicated to the nurses and patients first. Though there are several change models like Lewin’s model of unfreezing, moving and freezing; Lippitt’s Theory of introducing a

PMI and factors for problems solving Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

PMI and factors for problems solving - Essay Example To solve this problem, PMI needs to address the basic issue of illegal selling and must attempt to make fundamental changes in the way it does its business. It is imperative that therefore the best solution for PMI would be to re-assess its selling strategy in order to align it with the market. Market trends are clearly showing a very diverging view as in comparison to PMI's current strategy therefore a complete revamp of its strategies including further refinements in its segmentation as well as supply chain management. This will allow PMI to be successful because it will re-focus its strategy on aligning it with external reality as well as it will allow PMI to further refine its internal strengths to meet external threats. From the facts provided in case study, it seems that eBay is battling on many grounds especially on ensuring secure, transparent and ethical trade. Since eBay is a unique business model where it earns its revenue by performing the role of an intermediary therefore it somehow kept itself protected from the disputes arising out due to fraudulent and illegal transactions using eBay as a channel. Since eBay has not transformed itself into a global company therefore the immediate groups of people who have a role to play as a response to eBay's problems are the buyers and sellers