Cultural Revolution Study Notes

Cultural Revolution

Section 1: New Ideas

- A group of thinkers called the British unpolluted school, led by the Scottish economist Adam Smith, gave the capitalist principle its fullest explanation and defense between the 1770s and the 1840s.

- Their support came at a time when laissez faire suited the needs of a quick developing industrial economy. The classical economists started from the assumption that individuals atomic number 18 motivated by self-interest. They maintained that people serve their own interests trump out when they provide the goods and services most wanted by others. Individuals who are free to operate in an open, competitive market mechanically promote prosperity for all. Thus, the government should have little to do with the economy.

- The theory of laissez faire greatly influenced economic thought and action during the early on and mid-1800s. Later, however, critics charged that laissez faire failed to solve many economic and social problems that had arisen.

- Gradually, the governments of industrialise nations started to regulate economic activities more closely. They also began to pass laws aimed at relieving such social problems as poverty and unemployment.

- As a university student, Marx was heavily influenced by the work of the German philosopher G. W. F. Hegel. The young Marx follow many of Hegels ideas, including the notion that rational ideas were the driving force in history.

- In the early 1840s, however, Marx began to move away from a rigorously Hegelian philosophy. He rejected Hegels notion that rational ideas laid events and instead maintained the opposite, that material forces--the forces of nature and especially of valet economic production--determined ideas.

- In genus Paris in the 1840s, Marx became interested in the ideas of French socialists, including Pierre J. Proudhon and Charles Fourier.

- A key issue among Paris intellectuals was the plight of the growing...

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