pabActions to Reduce the Amount of clerical nuisances in CanadaSociology /CriminologyProfessorNameDecember 1 , 2006Table of ContentsIntroduction 3White-collar offensive activity Issues 5Conclusion /Recommendation 7Cited Works 11IntroductionIf we will conduct an interview in Canada asking the citizenry on whom they think should be meted the harsher penalisation , a person who robs a bank or a person who commits computer impostor . The answer we will intimately probably elicit from most of the mess is that the bank thief should be meted the harsher penalty . This perhaps highlights the Canadian society s worry with clerical offensivesThe term skilled evil was coined in 1939 by Edwin Sutherland in a speech delivered to the Ameri female genital organ Sociological confederacy . He initi bothy defined the term as a law-breaking act by a person of reputability and high hearty status in the course of his occupation ( White-collar detestation ) Today , the term refers to a wide variety of non-violent wickednesss usually involving large corporations for the plan of stinting and financial gain . White-collar crime involves two kinds of crime : a ) occupational crime and b ) corporate crime (Laureen Snider ) occupational crime refers to offenses act against legitimate institutions by persons of high social status . This may include the stand for of a phallus of Board of Director stealing thousands of dollars from his corporation or the act of a taxpayer who manages to avoid paying taxes . On the early(a) render , Corporate wickedness refers to offenses move by legitimate institutions for the purpose of furthering their own interest . This may include the act of a corporation in selling drugs which did non pass the standards of straitlaced government agencies , or the act of a corporation in advertising a product as having a crabby quality where in circumstance it does non engender the utter quality , or the act of a corporation in do use of teleph star for the purpose of depriving victims dish acestly of their specie or propertyAmong the most common professional crimes being committed be HYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol / web .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html l defn_a1 antitrust violations , HYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol / vane .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html l defn_c1 computer /internet prank , HYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol / vane .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html l defn_c2 credit card fraud , HYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol /www .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html l defn_p1 phone /telemarketing fraud , HYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol /www .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html l defn_b1 bankruptcy fraud , HYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol /www .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html l defn_h1 healthc ar fraud , HYPERLINK hypertext transfer protocol /www .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html l defn_e1 environmental law violations , HYPERLINK http /www .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html l defn_i1 indemnification fraud , HYPERLINK http /www .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html l defn_m1 mail fraud , HYPERLINK http /www .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html l defn_g1 government fraud , HYPERLINK http /www .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html l defn_t1 tax evasion , HYPERLINK http /www .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html l defn_f1 financial fraud , HYPERLINK http /www .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html l defn_s1 securities fraud , HYPERLINK http /www .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html l defn_i2 insider trading , HYPERLINK http /www .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html l defn_b2 bribery , HYPERLINK http /www .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html l defn_b3 kick keisters , HYPERLINK http /www .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html l defn_c2 counterfeiting , HYPERLINK http /www .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html l defn_p2 humans corruption , HYPERLINK http /www .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html l defn_m2 notes laundering , HYPERLINK http /www .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html l defn_e3 embezzlement , HYPERLINK http /www .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html l defn_e2 economic espionage , and HYPERLINK http /www .diogenesllc .com /whitecollarcrime .html l defn_e2 trade secret theft ( White-collar crimeStudies show that in that location is an alarming increase in skilled crimes being committed and that more and more people fall victims to these illegal activities . Ernst early days estimated that professional crime was costing Canadians 20-billion a year in increased taxes and prices for goods and services (Donald Gutstein ) This only means that the money which should pass water been earned by the government is being lost to white-collar feloniouss . To offset this , the government will exact to subvert this excite to the taxpayersIn America , statistics estimated that white-collar and corporate crime accounted for 10 for all one dollar lost to robbery , burglary larceny and cable car theft combined (Donal Gutstein ) In a report of the US-Canada working(a) Group to US President Bill Clinton and extremum curate Jean Chretien , it declared that Telemarketing Fraud , both in US and in Canada , is a very serious economic crime which costs US and Canadian citizen as more than as 40 Billion dollar per year ( US and Canada approximate Telemarketing Fraud Serious Economic Crime and stick out Recommendations to Fight Growing ProblemThis essay aims to focus on white-collar crimes and its impact in Canada . I aim to establish the reasons wherefore white-collar crimes are prevalent in Canada and why Canada is becoming a oasis for white-collar turns . Possible dissolvents and recommendations on how Canadian people should control is occupation will in like manner be suggested at the concluding part of thisWhite-collar Crime IssuesCanada keister be contemplateed as a prosperous nation . It has a strong financial system , abiding inflation and a robust economy . The political structure is excessively stable . This is the reason why Canada is slowly becoming a exciten for white-collar criminals . In Canada , the society s perception over white-collar crime is different from their perception over unskilled crime . There is exuberant focus on stopping blue-collar crimes as compared to white-collar crimes . It bears stressing that the social and economic impact of white-collar crime is more serious and more damaging to our country than blue-collar crimes Despite the immensity of Canada s job on White-collar crimes , it is depressing that there has not been any concrete and up to(predicate) response on this issue . The present problem confronting Canada on white-collar crimes can in fact be attributed to the excessive public , judicial and political preoccupation and emphasis on blue-collar crimesThe first problem is that white-collar crimes are very complex (Neal Conan . Unlike an ordinary crime such as shoot , one can easily understand that a crime has been committed . When a person is killed there is murder or manslaughter . When a person s properties are stolen a crime of robbery is committed . On the other hand , white-collar crimes such as credit card fraud or health care fraud , telemarketing fraud are quite difficult to understand . Most the time the people involved do not have an idea that they have been actually victimized . promote , even if the people greet that a white-collar crime has been committed , oftentimes they do not know which agency to contact and report to for economic aid (Richard JohnstonThe perception of the public well-nigh white-collar crimes has to a fault impacted our fight against white-collar crimes . The public thinks that white-collar crimes do not affect them since it only involves big corporations and the government . They overlook the fact that the entire economy is affected when white-collar crimes become irrepressible They neglect to consider that the burden is indirectly imposed upon them . Further , white collar crimes just do not calculate to interest the public . They are more concerned with the swordplay and emotions associated with violent crimesIt is not only the Canadian citizens who are unknowing on the matter of white-collar crimes . The judiciary has likewise contributed to this neutral response to combat white-collar crimes . The treatment of our resolve and magistrates on white-collar criminal offenders are more lenient as compared to blue-collar criminal offenders . Studies show that the former are less(prenominal) likely to be imprisoned or even if they are imprisoned they more likely to receive lower median(a) sentences (Prof Poonam PuriThe media is as well a guilty of contributing to our country s down in the mouth response against white-collar criminals . The media is an important institution in any society . They have a responsibility to inform and take aim the public active the seriousness and evils of white-collar crimes . Their job is to find to the public and make them understand that white-collar crimes do not only affect the affluent but they also affect the middle-class and lower-class Canadians . However , it seems that the media is not performing their august obligation to the Canadian public . Research shows that the Canadian unseasoned media give more emphasis on violent crimes . A playing field was conducted among the leading newss in Canada , Vancouver Sun , Vancouver Province , nut and Mail and Toronto Star , to determine if it is true that the Vancouver Sun s reporting of white-collar crime is lower than other s . It revealed that though Vancouver Sun has admitted that its coverage of white-collar crimes is diminishing , the other s coverage were even lower than Vancouver Sun s coverage of white-collar crimes (Benjamin LettsConclusion /RecommendationWhite-collar crimes are indeed a serious problem not just of a point country but other countries as well . It bears stressing that because of the sophism of technology and the changes brought about by globalization , crimes such as white-collar crimes can be committed across different bs . These criminals can also escape detection by transferring their field of operations from one b to some other or from one country to another . Consider for example telemarketing fraud which is becoming a concern not just for Canada but the united States as well . Telemarketing firms in Canada are able to shirk and steal hundreds of thousands of dollars from citizens of other countries through the use of telephone whole . This emphasizes that the problem of white-collar crime is not simply a problem of a wizard country rather it is a problem of other countries as wellThe most important solution to the problem of white-collar crime is for the public to change its perceptions about white-collar crimes . Since the public image of white-collar criminals as those people in suits and of high social status , the public consider them as harmless individuals and that white-collar crimes have no solvent on them . The public must change their perception about these crimes . The public must realize that these crimes affect each and everyone of us . Thus , information campaigns must be prioritized so that the public may finally understand the evil military forces of these crimesAnother flair of combating white-collar crimes is to pass laws making the penalty for its commission harsher . It bears stressing that one reason why these criminals are not afraid of committing these crimes is because it is a profitable business venture involving millions of dollars .
Once convicted , our laws merely impose upon these the short-term imprisonment and small fines . If they are wise teeming to compute the gains of engaging in this unlawful trade , the advantages of committing the crime still outweighs the disadvantages . The role of the lawmakers in the fight against white-collar crime is crucial . By imposing harsher penalties , the government , in effect , communicates that it is serious in its fight and sends signal to the criminals that their days are numberedThe Judiciary must also be involved in this fight against white-collar criminals . No matter how we want to vindicate the white-collar criminals by amending laws , we have to contend with the reality that our arbitrator system is already clogged with lineaments involving violent crimes . Those criminals convicted of blue-collar crimes merely have made our prison cells crowded to the point that they can no longer admit those convicted of white-collar criminals . The usual answer therefore is merely to impose fines to these convicted of white-collar crimes . Further , it is also a reality that most of our judges are not familiar with how white-collar crimes are being committed . The sophistication and use of state of the art technology by white-collar criminals may be beyond the comprehension of some of our magistrates and judges who are trained mostly in the traditional criminal law , civil law and labor law . They may have difficulty in understanding and detecting these crimes . resolve must therefore be educated and trained about the modern forms of the commission of these crimes . They must understand the nature of all the white-collar crimes being committed nowadays and they must be made aware about the deleterious effect of white-collar crimes on our economy When the awareness about white-collar crimes have increased it becomes easier for judges to impose harsher and stricter penalties . It becomes easier for judges to become fanciful in the sanctions that they will impose against the white-collar criminals . Thus , the 1999 case of foundation Media Brokers will be avoided . In the case of World Media Brokers , a Toronto-based telemarketing firm which was convicted of illegally selling Canadian lottery tickets to Americans , the court penalized it with a measly fine of 80 ,000 . The said sum was a very small get compared to what it was able to steal from the AmericansThe fight against crime is not the fix responsibility of the government . The improvements in the justice system and in the laws penalizing white-collar criminals will not be as impelling without the participation of the private sector . The best solution , and also the most cost-effective solution , to the problem of white-collar criminal is prevention . The private sectors themselves must respond to these challenges by ensuring that their corporations do not fall victims to these criminals . Today , some banks in Canada have made initiatives in protecting themselves against white-collar crimes , such as counterfeiting syndicates , by developing their own National Counterfeit Enforcement strategy and the Integrated Counterfeit Enforcement Teams (ICETCooperation between or among countries could also be an effective solution on this problem . It bears stressing that because of sophisticated tools crimes may be committed from one b to another making it difficult for government agencies to implement their s Though some government agencies may have been given respective powers by their own state to determine whether violations of law have been committed , the said powers are exercisable only within a particular jurisdiction . This means that even if there is a determination of violation of law and there is an to enjoin the illegal activities and to bar the assets of those found guilty of white-collar criminals jurisdictional restrictations operate to limit this authority . Thus injunction s issued by Canadian court cannot be carried out and implemented in the United States . The only solution to this problem is for different countries to build alliances for them to effectively combat crime . In 1997 , President Bill Clinton and Prime Minister Chretien met and agreed about the seriousness of telemarketing fraud in both their countries . They instructed their officials to prepare a joint study examining the strategies by which both countries could counter the serious and growing problem of cross-b telemarketing fraud . It bears stressing that these alliances will help in extraditing criminals back to their own country for the purpose of enforcing the penalty . No single government or organization can solve this problem To wage an effective campaign against white-collar crimes a good and effective strategy between different countries must be developedCited WorksConan , Neal (2002 . Analysis :White-collar crime . Talk of the Nation (NPR ) November 28 , 2006 . HYPERLINK http /www .highbeam .com / program library /doc3 .asp ?DOCID 1P1 ctrlInfo Ro und20 3AProd 3ADOC 3AResult ao http /www .highbeam .com /library /doc3 .asp ?DOCID 1P1 ctrlInfo Rou nd20 3AProd 3ADOC 3AResult aoGutstein , Donald (2000 ) Big Business Escapes the Critical Media Spotlight . Media Magazine . November 30 , 2006Letts , Benjamin (1997 ) Portrayal of White-collar Crimes in Canadian intelligence operation Media . November 30 , 2006 .Prof . Puri , Poonam . Judges Require Better Corporate Crime Education Judicial Training has historically keyed on blue-collar wrong doing National Post . November 2004 . December 1 , 2006Snider , Laureen . White-collar Crime . December 1 , 2006 US and Canada Label Telemarketing Fraud Serious Economic Crime and Propose Recommendations to Fight Growing Problem November 30 , 2006 HYPERLINK http /www .usdoj .gov /opa /pr /1997 /November97 /491crm .htm .html http /www .usdoj .gov /opa /pr /1997 /November97 /491crm .htm .html White-collar crime November 30 , 2006 br. PAGE 10 ...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website:
Ordercustompaper.comIf you want to get a full essay, wisit our page:
write my paper
No comments:
Post a Comment